TABLE II.

Epilepsy parameters for individuals with Angelman syndrome, late-adolescence through adulthood

	Full Cohort % (n)	Female odds ratio	21–25y odds ratio	26–30y odds ratio	31–50y odds ratio	UBE3A odds ratio	UPD odds ratio
History of seizures	94% (109)	0.437	IS (100%, 29)	0.335	0.775	IS (100%, 9)	0.111*
Current seizures
Seizure free/off AEDs a	12% (103)	0.937	0.786	1.197	2.470	1.584	0.792
Seizure free/AED Tx a	48% (103)	0.844	0.525	0.238*	0.202*	0.945	1.970
Active seizures b	41% (103)	1.154	2.345	4.102*	6.701*	1.853	0.494
Current AED ≥2	45% (103)	0.676	2.241	1.445	1.556	0.625	0.750
≥ 2 semiologies c	12% (103)	0.497	1.418	2.966	1.832	IS (0%, 9)	0.886
Frequency
Monthly d	29% (103)	1.021	3.051	4.558*	7.802*	1.214	0.810
Daily	16% (103)	2.266	2.11	10.328*	6.883*	0.567	IS (0%, 8)
Seizure severity
Modified E-chess score δ	4.65 (SD: 2.754, n=103)	0.055	0.807	1.706**	1.688**	-0.139	-0.569
Score > 6	26% (103)	0.817	1.464	3.032	2.28	0.857	1.000
Current medications
Valproate	39% (103)	0.673	1.614	2.234	1.493	0.424	0.890
Clonazepam	17% (103)	1.033	1.232	0.431	0.277	IS (0%, 9)	0.500
Lamotrigine	17% (103)	1.809	2.080	0.622	0.855	0.567	0.648
Levetiracetam	13% (103)	0.588	3.948	0.955	9.329*	0.775	IS (0%, 8)
Ethosuximide	9% (103)	0.49	0.198	0.279	0.383	1.675	1.914
Topiramate	9% (103)	0.264	0.258	0.653	0.477	3.943	1.533
Lifetime seizure severity
AEDs >2 lifetime	63% (103)	1.782	2.020	1.188	1.577	0.283	0.942
AEDs >3 lifetime	45% (103)	1.107	2.455	2.008	1.754	0.140	0.671
Seizure onset <3y	68% (103)	0.847	1.555	2.076	2.777	0.206*	1.235
Most severe age δ	7.53 (SD: 7.035, n=100)	1.192	1.772	−0.111	4.041	−2.536	1.339
0–5 y	52% (100)	0.472	0.863	0.667	1.827	2.000	1.000
6–10 y	25% (100)	0.875	0.568	1.071	0.154	0.964	0.482
11–15 y	12% (100)	4.519*	0.922	2.956	0.602	IS (0%, 9)	0.766
16–20 y	6% (100)	6.19	2.827	IS (0%, 18)	IS (0%, 15)	2.062	2.357
21–25 y	5% (62)	2.370	--	--	--	IS (0%, 5)	7.167
26–30 y	0% (33)	--	--	--	--	--	--
>31 y	20% (15)	0.500	--	--	--	IS (0%, 2)	IS (0%, 1)

Age sub-groups compared with the 16–20y cohort. Genotype sub-groups compared with the Del cohort.

^acohort of individuals with history of seizures who have not had an event in 1 year or more.

^bincludes 3 individuals who were not being treated with an AED.

^creported to have 2 or more types of seizure, i.e. events that look different to caregiver.

^devents occurring at least monthly. δ. regression coefficient listed for each covariate.

^*statistically significant odds ratio (α = 0.05).

^**statistically significant regression coefficient (α=0.05). IS: infinite solution (%, n), AED: anti-epileptic drugs, Tx: treatment, y: years.