Table 2.

Hazard Ratios of Abnormal P-wave Axis for Definite Ischemic Stroke, Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study, 1987–2013.

	Normal PWA (n=12,404)	aPWA (n=2698)	p-value
Definite ischemic stroke (n=657)	537	120
Person-years	258,463	46,360
Incidence rate (95% CI)*	2.08 (1.91–2.26)	2.59 (2.16–3.08)
HR (95% CI), Model 0†	1 (REF)	1.19 (0.97–1.45)	0.09
HR (95% CI), Model 1‡	1 (REF)	1.44 (1.18–1.76)	0.0004
HR (95% CI), Model 2§	1 (REF)	1.58 (1.29–1.94)	<0.0001
HR (95% CI), Model 3||	1 (REF)	1.50 (1.22–1.85)	0.0001

^*per 1000 person-years

^†Unadjusted cox proportional hazard model

^‡Model 0 + adjustment for age, sex, and race/study center variable updated until the development of aPWA, censoring, or definite ischemic stroke, whichever occurred first

^§Model 1 + adjustment for smoking status, body mass index, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, use of antihypertensive medication, diabetes, coronary heart disease, left ventricular hypertrophy, heart failure, use of anticoagulants updated until the development of aPWA, censoring, or definite ischemic stroke, whichever occurred first

^||Model 2 + atrial fibrillation updated to end of follow-up

^#Abbreviations: Confidence interval (CI), hazard ratio (HR), P-wave axis (PWA), abnormal P-wave axis (aPWA), reference (REF)