Table 2. Procedural characteristics and peri-procedural complications in patients with STEMI undergoing primary PCI and MRS ≥ 5.
| Variables | All (N = 206) | BID ≤ 9 times (N = 139) | BID > 9 times (N = 67) | p value |
| Procedural characteristics | ||||
| Numbers of BID performed | 7 (5-11) | 6 (4-7) | 14 (12-18) | < 0.001 |
| Contrast volume (ml) | 180 (150-200) | 160 (150-200) | 200 (180-260) | < 0.001 |
| Fluoroscopy times (min)* | 12.6 (9.8-18.1) | 11 (8.8-14.5) | 19.2 (13.7-25.4) | < 0.001 |
| Door-to-balloon time (min) | 76 (62-112) | 74 (60-107) | 81 (64-113) | 0.193 |
| Trans-femoral approach | 184 (89.3) | 129 (92.8) | 55 (82.1) | 0.02 |
| Thrombus aspiration | 116 (56.3) | 86 (61.9) | 30 (44.8) | 0.025 |
| Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor | 122 (59.2) | 83 (59.7) | 39 (58.2) | 0.88 |
| IABP use | 53 (25.7) | 34 (24.5) | 19 (28.4) | 0.549 |
| Multiple-vessel disease | 150 (73.2) | 93 (66.9) | 57 (85.1) | 0.007 |
| IRA | ||||
| LAD | 96 (46.6) | 67 (48.2) | 29 (43.3) | 0.507 |
| Non-LAD | 110 (53.4) | 72 (51.8) | 38 (56.7) | 0.553 |
| LM | 2 (1) | 1 (0.7) | 1 (1.5) | 0.546 |
| Stent implantation# | 182 (88.3) | 118 (84.9) | 64 (95.5) | 0.035 |
| Bare-metal stent | 166 (80.6) | 110 (79.1) | 56 (83.6) | 0.573 |
| Drug-eluting stent | 17 (8.3) | 8 (5.8) | 9 (13.4) | 0.101 |
| Numbers of stent implantations | ||||
| 1 | 117 (56.8) | 95 (68.3) | 22 (32.8) | < 0.001 |
| 2 | 49 (23.8) | 22 (15.8) | 27 (40.3) | < 0.001 |
| 3 | 14 (6.8) | 1 (0.7) | 13 (19.4) | < 0.001 |
| 4 | 3 (1.5) | 0 (0) | 3 (4.5) | 0.033 |
| Initial TIMI flow* | ||||
| 0 | 146 (70.9) | 106 (76.3) | 39 (58.2) | 0.009 |
| 1 | 15 (7.3) | 8 (5.8) | 7 (10.4) | 0.257 |
| 2-3 | 45 (21.9) | 24 (17.3) | 21 (31.3) | 0.03 |
| Final TIMI flow* | ||||
| 0 | 3 (1.5) | 3 (2.2) | 0 (0) | 0.552 |
| 1 | 2 (1) | 2 (1.4) | 0 (0) | 1 |
| 2-3 | 201 (97.6) | 133 (67.0) | 67 (0.2) | 0.18 |
| PCI to non-IRA | 6 (2.9) | 3 (2.2) | 3 (4.5) | 0.395 |
| Heavy calcification of IRA | 33 (16) | 23 (16.7) | 10 (14.9) | 0.841 |
| IRA lesion > 20 mm | 173 (84) | 115 (83.3) | 58 (86.6) | 0.683 |
| Bifurcation lesion of IRA | 135 (65.5) | 89 (64.0) | 46 (68.7) | 0.536 |
| Side branch > 1.5 mm | 87 (42.2) | 54 (38.8) | 33 (49.3) | 0.177 |
| Side branch < 1.5 mm | 48 (23.3) | 35 (25.2) | 13 (19.4) | 0.385 |
| Periprocedural complications | ||||
| Any dissection | 105 (51) | 69 (50.0) | 36 (53.7) | 0.657 |
| Type D dissection | 12 (5.8) | 7 (5.1) | 5 (7.5) | 0.533 |
| Type F dissection | 18 (8.7) | 12 (8.7) | 6 (9.0) | 1 |
Values were median (interquartile range) or n (%).
* Thirty-two data missing for fluoroscopy times and one datum missing for TIMI flow. # One patient received simultaneous implantation of bare-metal (2.75 mm * 18 mm) and drug-eluting stent (2.25 mm * 16 mm).
BID, balloon inflations an deflations; IABP, intra-aortic balloon pump; IRA, infarct-related artery; LAD, left anterior descending artery; LM, left main coronary artery; MRS, Mehran risk score; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; STEMI, ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction.