Table 1.
SCL-90-R, BDI-II, and PCLD checklist—military (PCL-M) symptoms per group, mean ± SD, and two sample t-test p-value.
| Healthy control | Posttraumatic stress disorder/mild traumatic brain injury | p | |
|---|---|---|---|
| SCL-90-R scale | |||
| Somatization | 0.43 ± 0.43 | 0.89 ± 0.74 | 0.101 |
| Obsessive–compulsive | 0.91 ± 0.58 | 1.71 ± 0.76 | 0.016 |
| Interpersonal sensitivity | 0.54 ± 0.45 | 1.07 ± 0.48 | 0.022 |
| Depression | 0.54 ± 0.32 | 1.22 ± 0.75 | 0.016 |
| Anxiety | 0.41 ± 0.29 | 1.05 ± 0.69 | 0.016 |
| Hostility | 0.61 ± 0.56 | 1.38 ± 0.8 | 0.021 |
| Phobic anxiety | 0.14 ± 0.23 | 0.82 ± 0.64 | 0.006 |
| Paranoid ideation | 0.67 ± 0.43 | 1.14 ± 0.48 | 0.032 |
| Psychoticism | 0.23 ± 0.24 | 0.7 ± 0.5 | 0.160 |
| Global severity index | 0.51 ± 0.28 | 1.12 ± 0.56 | 0.007 |
| Positive symptom distress index | 1.45 ± 0.31 | 1.72 ± 0.37 | 0.092 |
| Positive symptom total | 30.89 ± 15.59 | 55.91 ± 20.64 | 0.006 |
| BDI_II | 8.22 ± 4.44 | 18.18 ± 10.85 | 0.015 |
| PCL-M | |||
| Disturbing memories | 1.33 ± 0.5 | 2.8 ± 0.79 | <0.001 |
| Disturbing dreams | 1.11 ± 0.33 | 2.8 ± 1.03 | <0.001 |
| Re-experiencing | 1.11 ± 0.33 | 1.7 ± 0.67 | 0.029 |
| Upset when reminded of experience(s) | 1.67 ± 0.71 | 2.4 ± 0.7 | 0.037 |
| Physical reactions when reminded of experience(s) | 1.22 ± 0.44 | 2.4 ± 0.97 | 0.004 |
| Avoid thinking or talking about experience(s) | 1.33 ± 0.71 | 3 ± 1.25 | 0.003 |
| Avoid activities or talking about experience(s) | 1.56 ± 0.73 | 2.8 ± 1.23 | 0.016 |
| Trouble remembering experience(s) | 1.33 ± 0.5 | 2.1 ± 1.1 | 0.069 |
| Loss of interest | 1.56 ± 0.73 | 2.8 ± 1.4 | 0.027 |
| Feeling distant or cut off | 1.56 ± 0.73 | 3 ± 1.49 | 0.017 |
| Feeling emotionally numb | 1.22 ± 0.67 | 2.7 ± 1.25 | 0.006 |
| Feeling future will be cut short | 1.11 ± 0.33 | 1.9 ± 1.2 | 0.072 |
| Difficulty sleeping | 1.89 ± 0.93 | 3.3 ± 0.82 | 0.003 |
| Irritability or angry outbursts | 1.89 ± 0.93 | 2.5 ± 1.27 | 0.245 |
| Difficulty concentrating | 2.11 ± 0.78 | 2.8 ± 1.23 | 0.161 |
| Hyperarousal (alert or on guard) | 2.11 ± 1.05 | 2.9 ± 0.88 | 0.097 |
| Feeling jumpy or easily startled | 2.11 ± 1.17 | 2.8 ± 1.14 | 0.210 |
| PCL-M total | 26.11 ± 4.26 | 44.6 ± 10.83 | <0.001 |
| PCL-M aggregate symptom domains | |||
| Re-experiencing | 1.29 ± 0.20 | 2.42 ± 0.53 | <0.001 |
| Avoidance | 1.44 ± 0.68 | 2.90 ± 1.22 | 0.006 |
| Dysphoria | 1.58 ± 0.27 | 2.63 ± 0.80 | 0.002 |
| Hyperarousal | 2.11 ± 1.08 | 2.85 ± 0.91 | 0.13 |