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. 2017 May 9;7(5):e1120. doi: 10.1038/tp.2017.80

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Copyright © 2017 The Author(s)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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The decrease in phagocytosis and related genes are similar in the MIA and the APP/PS1 model and rescued by minocycline treatment. (a) Representative image of the gating strategy used for the FACS analysis of microglia that phagocytosed fluorescent latex beads within 30 min. (b) Representative histograms from the three experimental groups. The peaks represent the number of microglia that phagocytosed one, two or three beads. (c) Graph showing the phagocytic index, which represents the total numbers of cells that phagocytosed and the number of beads taken up by a given cell. As the graph indicates, hippocampal microglia have a decreased phagocytic index in Poly(I:C) animals (n=12 mice) as compared with controls (n=17 mice). Microglial cells isolated from hippocampi of Poly(I:C) mice treated with minocycline showed a normal phagocytosis, comparable to control animals and significantly higher as compared with untreated Poly(I:C) mice (n=11 mice). (d) Scatter plot showing the comparison of the differential expression in APP/PS1 and Poly(I:C) mice. The x axis represents the log2 fold changes between Poly(I:C) and control mice, y axis represent the log2 fold changes between APP/PS1 and control mice. The differentially expressed genes in these two animal models correlate significantly (Pearson’s correlation=0.59). (e) The Venn diagram shows the overlap of significantly differentially expressed genes between APP/PS1 versus control and Poly(I:C) versus control (for both data sets adjusted P-value <0.01). We found 248 genes to be significantly deregulated in both animal models as compared with their respective controls. P-value for the overlap was calculated with Fisher's exact test (see the 'Materials and methods' section). (f) Schematic representation of the pathways involved in microglial phagocytosis on different stimuli. Orange represents examples of genes found to be deregulated in microglial from both the APP/PS1 and Poly(I:C) model. **P<0.001, ***P<0.0001. APP, APP/SP1 mice; ctr, controls; FACS, fluorescence-activated cell sorting; MIA, maternal immune activation; NS, not significant; Poly, Poly(I:C) mice.