Table 1. Demographic characteristics of all subjects.
| Healthy subjects | Bipolar subjects | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| n | 16 | 16 | |
| Mean age, years | 33.75±8.85 | 35.18±8.86 | 0.416 |
| Female gender, n (%) | 8 (50%) | 8 (50%) | 0.638 |
| Ethnicity (non-Hispanic) | 14 (87.5%) | 12 (75%) | 0.327 |
| Education (years) | 14.69±1.662 | 13.56±1.861 | 0.677 |
| Body mass index | 27.43 (5.82) | 28.22 (6.38) | 0.717 |
| Smoking | 18.80% | 37.50% | 0.217 |
| MADRS | 0.19 (0.403) | 13.81 (10.94) | <0.0001 |
| YMRS | 0.13 (0.342) | 7.75 (6.97) | <0.0001 |
| GAF | 90.13 (3.934) | 56.00 (11.95) | <0.0001 |
| FAST | 5.38 (6.985) | 34.00 (16.215 | <0.0001 |
| Number of manic episodes | NA | 27.38 (49.10) | |
| Number of hypomanic episodes | NA | 44.75 (41.02) | |
| Number of depressive episodes | NA | 29.80 (55.56) | |
| Number of mixed episodes | NA | 38.00 (50.56) | |
| Number of hospitalizations | NA | 2.63 (3.70) | |
| Illness duration | NA | 17.43 (7.78) | |
| Age at first mania episode | NA | 19.11 (6.60) | |
| Age at first depressive episode | NA | 15.31 (6.43) | |
| Psychiatric medications (%) | |||
| Lithium | NA | 25.00% | |
| Antidepressants | NA | 31.30% | |
| Antipsychotics | NA | 43.80% | |
| Anticonvulsant | NA | 37.50% | |
| Benzodiazepines | NA | 18.80% | |
| Stimulants | NA | 6.30% | |
Abbreviations: FAST, Functioning Assessment Short Test; GAF, Global Assessment of Functioning; MADRS, Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale; NA, not applicable; YMRS, Young Mania Rating Scale.