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. 2017 Jun 28;9(7):202. doi: 10.3390/toxins9070202

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© 2017 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Gamma-toxin is cytotoxic and induces production of proinflammatory cytokines in human vaginal epithelial cells (HVECs). HVECs were exposed to (A) HlgAB or (B) HlgCB at the indicated doses for 6 h and processed for cytotoxicity (open squares) by MTT assay or cytokine production (filled squares) by ELISA. For A and B, asterisks (IL-8) and crosses (viability) indicate significant changes (p < 0.05) from media alone controls; (C) IL-8; (D) IL-6; (E) TNF-α and (F) MIP-3α production from HVECs treated with individual subunits of gamma-toxin (50 µg/mL) or HlgAB and HlgCB (50 µg/mL) at a 1:1 molar ratio. Data show mean +/− standard deviation. For D–F, asterisks indicate a significant difference from media alone controls (p < 0.05).

Gamma-toxin is cytotoxic and induces production of proinflammatory cytokines in human vaginal epithelial cells (HVECs). HVECs were exposed to (A) HlgAB or (B) HlgCB at the indicated doses for 6 h and processed for cytotoxicity (open squares) by MTT assay or cytokine production (filled squares) by ELISA. For A and B, asterisks (IL-8) and crosses (viability) indicate significant changes (p < 0.05) from media alone controls; (C) IL-8; (D) IL-6; (E) TNF-α and (F) MIP-3α production from HVECs treated with individual subunits of gamma-toxin (50 µg/mL) or HlgAB and HlgCB (50 µg/mL) at a 1:1 molar ratio. Data show mean +/− standard deviation. For D–F, asterisks indicate a significant difference from media alone controls (p < 0.05).