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. 2017 Jul 31;8:898. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00898

Table 1.

Immune findings in patients and animal models (experimental autoimmune prostatitis) of chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS).

Main finding Reference
Findings in CP/CPPS patients
Specific T cell responses and IFNγ secretion to prostate antigens (PAg) and seminal proteins (3944)
Serum PAg-specific IgG (45)
Prostate tissue Ig deposition, prostate leukocyte, and T cell infiltration (4648)
Increased numbers of leukocytes (granulocytes, macrophages, T, and B cells) in expressed prostate secretions (EPS), urine after prostatic massage, or semen (16, 29, 4951)
Increased levels of immunoglobulins, inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and mast cell mediators in EPS or seminal plasma (16, 47, 50, 5260)
Findings in animal models of autoimmune prostatitis
Macrophages, DCs, mast cells, CD4+ and CD8+ T and B cells infiltrating the prostate (6172, 7991)
CD4+ T cells are essential in driving prostatitis (63)
Th1/Th17-associated autoimmune responses to PAg (6466, 83, 91)
PAg-specific immune response is associated to a Th1 cytokine and immunoglobulin isotype pattern (83, 84)
Crucial role of IFNg in mediating pathology (62, 6567)
CXCR3 and CCR5 expressing PAg-specific Th1 cells mediate disease induction (66)
IL-17 is dispensable for disease and pain development (67)
Treg function condition disease and pain induction (68)
Pelvic pain development correlated with inflammation (67, 69)
Increased tryptase-B and nerve growth factor (NGF) in prostate tissue (70)
Mast cells mediate pelvic pain development (71)
CCL2, CCL3, and tryptase-B involved in pain development (72)
Increased NGF and neuronal density in prostate tissue (73)