Figure 3.

HD cell response to cue card manipulations in the cylinder. A) The preferred directions of HD cells in both control (left) and atropine (right) groups initially showed a random distribution during the baseline recording session. B) The preferred direction remained relatively stable and well aligned with the cue card between standard (Std) sessions for both control and atropine groups. C) 90° rotation of the cue card resulted in a similar shift of the preferred direction for HD cells in both groups. D) The preferred firing direction returned to the original alignment for both groups, after the cue card was returned to its original position during the subsequent standard recording session.