Table 2.

A summary of the evidence for the anti-oxidative effects of rice bran phytochemicals in cancer prevention.

Phytochemical	Model	Anti-Oxidative Effect of Phytochemical	Evidence for Its Ability of Cancer Prevention	Reference
Phytic acid	Rat model of liver cancer	Increase in GST activity Reduction in lipid peroxidation	Decrease in the level of placental GST-positive foci, a marker of hepato-carcinogenesis	Lee et al. 2005 [56]
Phytic acid	Rat model of CRC	Increase in GST activity	Decrease in the number of colon tumours	Khatiwada et al. 2011 [57]
Ferulic acid	Rat model of CRC	Increase in GST activity	Decrease in the number of aberrant crypt foci	Kawabata et al. 2000 [58]
p-Methoxycinnamic acid	Rat model of CRC	Reverse the effect of chemically-induced CRC in rats, by reducing level of lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation in liver Increase in activity of SOD, catalase and GPx Increase in glutathione, vitamin E and vitamin C levels	Decrease in the number of aberrant crypt foci and colon tumours	Sivagami et al. 2012 [60]

Abbreviations: CRC, colorectal cancer; GPx, glutathione peroxidase; GST, glutathione-S-transferase; SOD, superoxide dismutase.