| NPC | nasopharyngeal carcinoma |
| MMP | matrix metalloproteinase |
| TIMP | tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase |
| P. urinaria | Phyllanthus urinaria |
| GSH | glutathione |
| ROS | reactive oxygen species |
| EGFR | epidermal growth factor receptor |
| Ets-1 | proto-oncogene 1 |
| HPF | high-power microscopic field |
| LDH | lactate dehydrogenase |
| BSA | bovine serum albumin |
| AP-1 | activator protein 1 |
| MAPK | mitogen-activated protein kinase |
| ECM | extracellular matrix |
| EBV | Epstein-Barr virus |
| LMP1 | latent membrane protein 1 |
| NF-κB | nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells |
| VEGF | vascular endothelial growth factor |
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