Table 1.
Known interacting partners of ANKRD1.
| Interacting Partner | Functional Effects | Verified by | Association with Disease | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Transcription factors | ||||
| YB-1 | negative transcriptional co-factor of YB-1; cardiomyogenesis | Y2H, Co-IP GST-pulldown | - | [18] |
| NF-κB | negative transcriptional co-factor of NF-κB; anti-inflammation | Co-IP | - | [27] |
| Nucleolin | co-repression of MMP13 gene transcription; wound healing | Y2H, Co-IP | - | [28] |
| p53 | positive transcriptional co-activator of p53; regulation during development and stress response | Co-IP, GST-pulldown | - | [29] |
| GATA-4 | positive transcriptional co-activator of GATA-4; anti-apoptosis | Co-IP | - | [30] |
| Structural components | ||||
| Myopalladin | maintaining sarcomere structural integrity | Y2H, GST-pulldown | Pro52Ala, Thr123Met and Ile280Val mutations in ANKRD1 increase its binding to myopalladin and are associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy | [24,31] |
| Titin | Mechano-sensing, regulation of gene expression | Y2H, Blot overlay, Fluorescence spectroscopy | Pro52Ala, Thr123Met and Ile280Val mutations in ANKRD1 increase its binding to titin and are associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy | [1,31] |
| Desmin | Unknown | Y2H | - | [13] |
| Talin-1 | Mechano-sensing, regulation of gene expression | Y2H | Met184Ile and Pro105Ser mutations in ANKRD1 decrease its binding to talin-1 and are associated with dilated cardiomyopathy | [8] |
| Signaling molecules | ||||
| FHL2 | Mechano-sensing, regulation of gene expression | Y2H | Met184Ile mutation in ANKRD1 decreases its binding to FHL2 and is associated with dilated cardiomyopathy | [8] |
| CASQ2 | Sequestration of CASQ2, resulting in lower Ca2+ concentration to regulate various signaling pathways | FLAG-pulldown, Blot overlay, Co-IP | - | [32] |
| 14-3-3 proteins | Cytoplasmic retention of ANKRD1 and thus inhibiting its nuclear functions | GST-pulldown | - | [21] |
| PKCα | Sequestration of PKCα at intercalated discs | GST-pulldown, Co-IP | Sequestration of PKCα at the intercalated discs results in chronic PKCα stress signaling and is associated with heart failure | [33] |
Ala, Alanine; ANKRD1, Ankyrin repeat domain 1; CASQ2, Calsequestrin 2; Co-IP, Co-immunoprecipitation; FHL2, Four-and-a-half LIM domains 2; GATA-4, GATA binding protein 4; GST, Glutathione S-transferase; Ile, Isoleucine; Met, Methionine; NF-κB, Nuclear factor κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells; MMP13, matrix metalloproteinase 13; PKCα, Protein kinase C α; Pro, Proline; Ser, Serine; Thr, Threonine; Val, Valine; Y2H, Yeast two-hybrid; YB-1, Y-box binding protein 1.