Figure 5.

Relative expression levels of the TcPMCA1 gene in adult female Tetranychus cinnabarinus exposed LC₁₀ (0.219 mg mL⁻¹), LC₃₀ (0.581 mg mL⁻¹), and LC₅₀ (1.142 mg mL⁻¹) scopoletin. Expression levels were quantified using qPCR after 12, 24, 36, and 48 h of treatment through leaf-dip bioassay (n = 3). Scopoletin was mixed with acetone and Tween-80 (scopoletin: Tween-80 = 3:1; acetone was added until scopoletin dissolved, generally limited within 5%). T. cinnabarinus treated with double distilled water containing 0.5% acetone and Tween-80 were used as controls (CK). The mRNA levels in the control and in each treatment were normalized to the expression of the reference gene RPS18. The mean expression in each treatment was shown as fold change compared with the mean expression in the control, which was assigned with a basal value of 1. Letters on the error bar indicate significant difference between scopoletin treatment and control (p < 0.05).