| Acaca | acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase α |
| Acox1 | acyl-Coenzyme A oxidase 1 |
| Acsl1 | acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 1 |
| Adipoq | adiponectin |
| Ap2 | fatty acid binding protein 4 |
| Apoa1 | apolipoprotein A-I |
| AUC | area under the curve |
| BAT | brown adipose tissue |
| C | control |
| Cd36 | cluster of differentiation 36 |
| ChREBP | carbohydrate-responsive element-binding protein |
| Cyp | cytochrome P450 |
| Fabp1 | fatty acid binding protein 1 |
| FFA | free fatty acid |
| Glut4 | glucose transporter type 4 |
| GTT | glucose tolerance test |
| HDL-c | high density lipoprotein cholesterol |
| H&E | hematoxylin and eosin |
| HF | high-fat |
| HOMA-IS | HOMA-insulin sensitivity |
| HOMA-β | HOMA-beta cell function |
| ITT | insulin tolerance test |
| LDL-c | low density lipoprotein cholesterol |
| Lpl | lipoprotein lipase |
| Lxr | liver X receptor α |
| MAPK | mitogen-activated protein kinase |
| Pgc1 | PPAR gamma coactivator 1 α; |
| PPAR | peroxisome proliferator activated receptor |
| PSE | Plantago asiatica L. seed extract |
| Scd1 | stearoyl-Coenzyme A desaturase 1 |
| SREBP | sterol regulatory element-binding protein |
| TC | total cholesterol |
| TG | triglyceride |
| Tnf | tumor necrosis factor α |
| Ucp | uncoupling protein |
| UPLC-MS | ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry |
| WAT | white adipose tissue |