| VCAM-1 | Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 |
| LPS | Lipopolysaccharide |
| NF-κB | Nuclear Factor-κB |
| MAPK | Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase |
| CMECs | Cerebral Microvascular Endothelial Cells |
| BBB | Blood-Brain Barrier |
| MS | Multiple Sclerosis |
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