| LEO | Low Earth Orbit |
| NASA | National Aeronautics and Space Administration |
| ROS | Reactive Oxygen Species |
| NADP+ | Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate |
| NOX | Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate Oxidase |
| XO | Xanthine Oxidase |
| NOS | Nitric Oxide Synthase |
| SOD | Superoxide Dismutase |
| GPx | Glutathione Peroxidase |
| CAT | Catalase |
| HZE | High-Charge and High-Energy |
| LDR | Low-Dose Radiation |
| HLU | Hindlimb Unloading |
| eNOS | Endothelial Isoform of Nitric Oxide Synthase |
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