Table 2.

Perspectives in the treatment of pruritus in AD and other itching skin diseases.

Candidate Mediators of Itch	Drugs
Histamines	H1 antihistamine
	H4 antihistamine
Leukotrienes	Zafirlukast and Aileuton [66]
Prostaglandins	NSAID for opioid-induced pruritus [67]
Acetylcholine	Botulinum toxin type A for histamine-induced itch [68] Doxepin via anticholinergic action
Neurokinin Receptor 1	Aprepitant for refractory pruritus [69]
GABA	GABA inhibitors: Gabapentin, Pregabalin
Serotonin	SSRI: Paroxetine, Fluoxetine Serotonin agonist: Mirtazipine for uremic pruritus [70] 5HT-3 antagonist: Ondansetron for uremic pruritus [71]
Opioids	Naloxone and Naltrexone Nalfurafine and Butarphanol for uremic pruritus [72]
TRP channels	TRPV1: Capsaicin TRPM8: Menthol

NSAID, Non-Steroid Anti-Inflammatory Drug; GABA, γ-Aminobutyric acid; SSRI, Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor; TRP, Transient receptor potential; TRPV, vanilloid receptor–related transient receptor potential.