| AGEs | advanced glycated end products |
| CVU | chronic venous ulcers |
| DAMPs | damage associated pattern molecules |
| ECM | extracellular matrix |
| IGF-1 | insulin-like growth factor-1 |
| PDGFβ | platelet-derived growth factor |
| TGF-1 | transforming growth factor-1 |
| VEGF | vascular endothelial growth factor |
| cJun-AP1 | cJun activator protein 1 |
| IFN-γ | interferon gamma |
| iNOS | inducible nitric oxide synthase |
| MMP | matrix metalloproteinase |
| TIMP | tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase |
| TNF | tumour necrosis factor |
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