Figure 4.

The inclusion of autonomous and controlled accountability in a modified version of Bandura’s Social Cognitive Theory.

Notes: Autonomous and controlled accountability are regulated by social interactions. The possibility of needing to account for one’s actions through a social interaction functions as a behavioral amplifier. Whether the intervention is considered a form of controlled or autonomous accountability is mediated by the individual’s personal factors (knowledge, expectation, attitudes). The dashed line in the figure justifies controlled accountability as possibly having minimal impact on long-term behavioral change. Once the individual internalizes his or her sense of accountability, self-efficacy may further aid in increasing adherence. With all these different factors assimilated, enabling factors (eg, cues to action) are included as features that could potentially augment accountability and further increase adherence rates.