Table 1.
Summary of RCTs (n=22) included in review (arranged chronologically), mean and SD reported unless otherwise noted
| Reference; country | Cohort age (mean) | Female (%) | FEV1 % predicted baseline | Study uptake rate (%) | Study dropout rate (%) I:C | Duration to final assessment (weeks) | Counseling
|
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Target | Provided by (training if reported) | Mins × number of sessions (weeks duration) | Theoretical framework | S or P of I | Ind or G | Session attendance | |||||||
| Coultas et al;36 the USA | 70 | 51 | NR | 6 | 24:22 | 72 | PA | Health coach (trained by principal investigator + health psychologist) | Mean 10×10 (20) (+10 messages) | SCT + TMSC | P | Ind | 7±3 calls per patient |
| Ranjita et al;58 India | 54 | NR | NR | 29 | 12:10 | 12 | Stress-M | Trained yoga instructors | 10×72 (12) | NR | P | G and Ind | |
| Altenburg et al;33 the Netherlands | *62 (54–69) | 34 | *45 (34–59) | 90 | 29:30 | 60 | PA | Trained exercise counselors | 30×5 (12) | SDT + STCT + GST + RPM | S + P** | Ind | |
| Burtin et al;43 Belgium | 67 | 18 | 45±16 | 47 | 30:0 | 24 | PA | Physiotherapists (3-hour training) | 20–30×8 (24) | NR | S | Ind | 82% |
| Hornikx et al;44 Belgium | 67 | 44 | 38±17 (I); 48±18 (C) | 57 | 20:0 | 4 | PA | NR | NR ×12 (4) | NR | S | Ind | 11±1 calls per patient |
| Jennings et al;42 the USA | 65 | 55 | 44±23 (I); 48±22 (C) | 14 | 0:0 | 12 | SC | NR | Specific SCC NR; NR ×2 (3 days) | NR | P | Ind | |
| Lou et al;59 China | 62 | 52 | *55 (82–45) (I); *55 (8–44) (C) | 99 | 19:30 | 192 | Self-M | General practitioners (2 days training COPD + SCC) | Specific SCC NR; 40–60×48 (96) | NR | P | G and Ind | |
| Mendoza et al;39 Chile | 68 | 39 | 66±18 (I); 66±20 (C) | 58 | 4:6 | 12 | PA | Physicians/physiotherapist | 30×3 (12) | NR | P | Ind | |
| Van der Weegen et al;60 the Netherlands | 58 | 51 | NR | 37 | 20:14:21 | 36 | PA | Practice nurses | 20×4 (24) | NR | P | Ind | |
| Yuan et al;29 China | 54 | 7 | 91±11 (I#); 91±11 (C#) | 6 | 19:21 | 864 | SC | NR | Specific SCC or I NR | NR | P | G | |
| Chen et al;41 China | 61 | 4 | NR | NR | NR | 24 | SC | Doctors experienced in SC treatments | 20×1+10×9 (24) | NR | S | Ind | |
| Wei et al;45 China | 64 | 34 | NR | 50 | 28:24 | 48 | Med-A | Pharmacists | 10×12 (24) | NR | S | Ind | 6±4 calls per patient |
| Zanotti et al;32 Italy | 64 | 25 | NR | 54 | 0:0 | 4 | NR | NR | NR | NR | P | NR | |
| Hilberink et al;30 the Netherlands | 59 | 50 | NR | NR | 5:4 | 48 | SC | General practice team (4-hour group training SC) | NR ×2+ NR ×3 (NR) | NR | S | Ind | |
| Berry et al;61 the USA | 66 | 46 | 51±14 (I); 52±12 (C) | 25 | 29:4 | 48 | PA | Center staff | 30×3 (48) +15×5 (48) | NR | P | Ind | |
| Hospes et al;34 the Netherlands | 62 | 40 | NR | 70 | 10:11 | 12 | PA | Trained exercise counselor | 30×5 (12) | SDT + STCT + GST + RPM | S | Ind | |
| Kotz et al;31 the Netherlands | 54 | 38 | 62±6 (I); 63±6 (C); 62±6 (C) | 17 | 12:17:22 | 48 | SC | Respiratory nurses | 40×4+5×5 (4) | NR | P | Ind | 95% (I) 92% (C1) |
| Weekes et al;62 the UK | 69 | 49 | 44±14 (I); 45±13 (C) | 12 | 36:39 | 48 | D | Dietitian (formal, postgraduate training in counseling) | 30 to 45×1+15 to 20×4 (24) | NR | S | Ind | |
| Efraimsson et al;37 Sweden | 66 | 50 | NR | 47 | NR | 12 to 20 | SC | Respiratory nurse | Specific SCC NR; I =60×4 (12–20); C =60×2 (12–20) | TMSC | S | Ind | |
| Christenhusz et al;38 the Netherlands | 58 | 48 | NR | NR | NR | 48 | SC | Counselors/respiratory nurse | Total time – I =595 min; C =180 min | ASE | S | G and Ind | |
| de Blok et al;35 the Netherlands | 64 | 43 | 48±21 (I); 44±16 (C) | 70 | 80:73 | 9 | PA | Physical therapists (after being trained) | 30×4 (5) | SDT + STCT + GST + RPM | P | Ind | |
| Wagena et al;40 the Netherlands | 51 | 51 | 67±13 (I); 65±14 (I); 65±15 (C) | 42 | 12:16:14 | 26 | SC | Trained counselors (masters level) | 10–20 min ×3+ NR ×5 (12) | NR | P | Ind | |
Notes:
Median and interquartile range.
Study duration: 18 years for the risk of developing COPD.
Altenburg et al33 reported intervention and control as whole cohort and subdivided into three groups: one of these groups completed PR + PA counseling versus PR alone, the other two completed counseling alone versus usual care.
Abbreviations: ASE, attitude–social support and self-efficacy model; D, dietary (energy intake); FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1 second; G, group; GST, goal-setting theory; Med-A, medication adherence; NR, not reported; PA, physical activity; PR, pulmonary rehabilitation; RCTs, randomized controlled trial; RPM, relapse prevention model; S, sole; SC, smoking cessation; SCC, smoking cessation counseling; SCT, social cognitive theory; SDT, self-determination theory; Self-M, self-management; STCT, stage of change theory; Stress-M, stress management; TMSC, trans-theoretical model of stages of change; P, part of intervention; C, Control or comparator; I, intervention; Ind, individual; C1, control group 1.