Table 1. Clinical characteristics in matched pairs (1:4) of those ertapenem-treated patients with or without development of seizures.
| Variables | Patients with seizures | Patients without siezures | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| No. of patients | 33 | 132 | - |
| Gender (male) | 20 (60.6) | 80 (60.6) | - |
| Age | 79.3±7.5 | 78.8±7.7 | 0.7116† |
| Hypertension | 23 (69.7) | 78 (59.1) | 0.2634¥ |
| Diabetes mellitus | 13 (39.4) | 58 (43.9) | 0.6371¥ |
| Old stroke | 22 (66.7) | 32 (24.2) | <.0001¥ |
| Cerebrovascular disease type | <.0001¥ | ||
| Intracerebral hemorrhage | 10 (30.3) | 9 (6.8) | |
| Ischemic infarction | 12 (36.4) | 23 (17.4) | |
| Parkinsonism | 5 (15.2) | 15 (11.4) | 0.5556¥ |
| Dementia | 8 (24.2) | 24 (18.2) | 0.4309¥ |
| Epilepsy | 4 (12.1) | 3 (2.3) | 0.0302¥ |
| Heart failure | 1 (3.0) | 18 (13.6) | 0.1264¥ |
| Coronary artery disease | 2 (6.1) | 23 (17.4) | 0.1034¥ |
| Peripheral arterial occlusive disease | 3 (9.1) | 4 (3.0) | 0.1437¥ |
| Cancer | 12 (36.4) | 30 (22.7) | 0.1077¥ |
| Gout | 3 (9.1) | 14 (10.6) | - |
| Liver cirrhosis | 6 (18.2) | 14 (10.6) | 0.2402¥ |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 1 (3.0) | 17 (12.9) | 0.1277¥ |
| Peptic ulcer disease | 11 (33.3) | 45 (34.1) | 0.9345¥ |
| Chronic kidney disease | 9 (27.3) | 31 (23.5) | 0.6497¥ |
| End stage renal disease | 2 (6.1) | 11 (8.3) | - |
| Charlson score | 4.5±2.4 | 3.4±2.5 | 0.0244† |
| Brain image within one year prior to this admission | 16 (48.5) | 28 (21.2) | 0.0015¥ |
| Intracranial hemorrhage | 2 | 1 | 0.5920¥ |
| Infarction | 14 | 23 | 0.9919¥ |
| Hydrocephalus | 9 | 12 | 0.3977¥ |
| Chronic subdural effusion | 0 | 1 | - |
| Meningioma | 0 | 1 | - |
| Initial vital signs before use of ertapenem | |||
| Conscious change | 8 (24.2) | 20 (15.2) | 0.2134¥ |
| Systolic blood pressure | 136.8±28.3 | 132.6±31.9 | 0.4886† |
| Diastolic blood pressure | 76.4±18.4 | 72.7±16.8 | 0.2653† |
| Heart rate | 99.0±17.4 | 94.6±19.5 | 0.2410† |
| Body temperature | 37.3±1.3 | 37.4±1.1 | 0.7166† |
| Respiratory rate | 23.2±4.5 | 21.7±7.4 | 0.1433† |
| Initial lab data before use of ertapenem | |||
| Blood sugar | 147.7±58.7 | 184.5±107.9 | 0.0184† |
| White blood count | 8520.1±6007.1 | 10818.8±5986.3 | 0.0503† |
| White blood count < 4000 or > 11000 | 18 (54.6) | 66 (50.0) | 0.6404¥ |
| Hemoglobin | 10.5±4.0 | 10.8±2.2 | 0.7137† |
| Hemoglobin < 11 g/dl | 26 (78.8) | 67 (50.8) | 0.0037¥ |
| Platelet | 178.1±102.1 | 205.0±103.3 | 0.1873† |
| Platelet < 150k/mm3 | 16 (50.0) | 40 (30.3) | 0.0350¥ |
| C-reactive protein | 10.5±8.3 | 9.4±8.7 | 0.6071† |
| Aspartate aminotransferase | 79.1±106.5 | 46.7±53.3 | 0.1794† |
| Alanine aminotransferase | 79.0±147.1 | 50.5±130.5 | 0.3374† |
| Blood urea nitrogen | 39.0±33.0 | 35.4±31.3 | 0.5767† |
| Creatinine | 1.9±2.1 | 1.9±1.8 | 0.9885† |
| Creatinine > 1.4 | 10 (32.3) | 53 (41.7) | 0.3341¥ |
| Sodium | 135.9±12.1 | 136.1±7.4 | 0.9035† |
| Potassium | 3.7±0.8 | 3.8±0.6 | 0.4548† |
| Baseline creatinine | 1.6±2.3 | 1.2±1.0 | 0.2864† |
| Intensive care unit admission | 10 (30.3) | 37 (28.0) | 0.7958¥ |
| Recommended dose | 20 (60.6) | 98 (74.2) | 0.1206¥ |
| Duration of hospitalization, days | 24.2±17.1 | 19.3±12.4 | 0.1250† |
| In-hospital mortality | 11 (33.3) | 14 (10.6) | 0.0011¥ |
| The mean time-to-onset of seizures, days | 3.3±2.6 | - | |
| Computed tomography scan of brain | 17 (51.5) | - | |
| Electroencephalography | 24 (72.7) | - | |
| Medications for control of seizures (31) | |||
| Benzodiazepines | 23 (74.2) | - | |
| Antiepileptic drugs | 30 (96.8) | - |
† Student t;
¥ Chi-Square test.