Table 2.
Perioperative results from patients undergoing laparoscopic radical cystectomy with pelvic lymph node dissection, using new three-dimensional (Group 3D) or conventional two-dimensional (Group 2D) techniques.
| Parameter | Group 3D | Group 2D | Statistical significance |
|---|---|---|---|
| Patients, n | 18 | 24 | |
| Dissected lymph nodes, mean ± SD | 13.2 ± 4.6 | 12.5 ± 4.3 | P = 0.627 |
| Bilateral common iliac | 1.8 | 1.7 | |
| Presacral | 1.0 | 0.5 | |
| Bilateral internal iliac | 4.3 | 3.6 | |
| Bilateral external iliac | 1.1 | 1.1 | |
| Bilateral obturator | 5.0 | 5.6 | |
| Number of postive lymph nodes, mean ± SD | 0.6 ± 1.0 | 0.5 ± 0.9 | P = 0.710 |
| Tumour stage, pT2a:pT2b:pT3a:pT4a | 4:7:5:2 | 5:9:8:2 | P = 0.978 |
| Time of PLND, mean ± SD, min | 44.7 ± 11.0 | 60.0 ± 12.0 | P < 0.001 |
| Operative time, mean ± SD, min | 133.1 ± 24.4 | 150.6 ± 19.6 | P = 0.014 |
| Blood loss, mean ± SD, ml | 211.7 ± 90.3 | 217.5 ± 82.4 | P = 0.829 |
| Postoperative hospital stay, mean ± SD, day | 8.9 ± 2.2 | 9.1 ± 2.2 | P = 0.840 |
| Total cost, mean ± SD, Chinese yuan | 67731 ± 6418 | 68637 ± 6056 | P = 0.643 |
| Complications, n (%) | 1 (5.6) | 4 (16.7) | P = 0.271 |
| Bowel obstruction | 1 | 3 | |
| Lymphatic leakage | 0 | 1 | |
| Rectal damage | 0 | 0 | |
| Injury of major vessels or nerves | 0 | 0 |
pT, pathological tumour stage; PLND, pelvic lymph node dissection.