Table 3.

Initial range of motion and outcomes of frozen shoulder in patients with insulin-dependent and non-insulin-dependent diabetes.

	Insulin-dependent diabetes	Non-insulin-dependent diabetes	p-value
Patients (shoulders), n	15 (17)	12 (12)
Age at FS, years	47.7 (8.9)	53.3 (6.9)	0.078
Follow-up time, years	9.9 (7.4)	10.1 (8.2)	0.935
Age at follow-up, years	57.6 (10.1)	63.4 (6.9)	0.094
During frozen shoulder
Flexion	93 (34)	93 (24)	0.936
Abduction	83 (30)	84 (28)	0.850
External rotation	15 (14)	33 (15)	0.054
Internal rotation	Below buttock	SI	0.009
At final follow-up
Flexion	141 (18)	148 (19)	0.327
Abduction	151 (40)	158 (29)	0.595
External rotation	34 (18)	49 (18)	0.035
Internal rotation	LIII	LIII	1.000
Other shoulder flexion	147 (18)	145 (16)	0.808
Other shoulder abduction	153 (37)	157 (23)	0.775
Other shoulder external rotation	43 (20)	48 (15)	0.514
Other shoulder internal rotation	LIII	LII	0.755
Pain* during exertion	2.6 (3.0)	2.3 (3.0)	0.318
Pain* at rest	0.6 (1.0)	1.1 (1.5)	0.816
Pain* at night	1.4 (2.1)	1.5 (2.5)	0.907
Simple Shoulder Test score	9 (3)	10 (3)	0.412
Constant–Murley score	77 (16)	76 (17)	0.868

Data are presented as mean (SD) unless otherwise indicated.

FS, Frozen shoulder; SI, Sacral I; VAS, visual analogue scale

^*Pain on VAS (0–10): 0 = no pain and 10 = maximal imaginable pain.