. 2010 Jun 15;1(2):98–104. doi: 10.1136/fg.2009.000521

Table 1.

Abnormal liver function in patients on long term parenteral nutrition

Reference	Liver function abnormality	Rate of abnormality in HPN patients (%)	Note
Luman¹²	Abnormal LFTs	48	↑Alkaline phosphatase commonest abnormality
Salvino⁶³	Abnormal LFTs	95
Cavicchi¹⁰	Chronic biochemical cholestasis^*	65 after 6 months	High lipid content in PN
Lloyd¹³	Chronic biochemical cholestasis^*	24	Point prevalence
Ito⁶⁴	Advanced liver disease^†	19
Chan⁶⁵	Advanced liver disease^†	14
Cavicchi¹⁰	Complicated liver disease^†	26 at 2 years	High lipid content in PN
Cavicchi¹⁰	Complicated liver disease^†	50 at 6 years	High lipid content in PN
Salvino⁶³	Severe liver disease^‡	4

Persistent elevation to >1.5 times the upper limit of the normal range for >6 months of two of three biochemical variables (alkaline phosphatase, γ-glutamyl transferase and conjugated bilirubin).

^†

Fibrosis or cirrhosis.

^‡

Combination of total bilirubin >3 mg/dl, albumin <3.2 g/dl and prothrombin time >3 s prolonged.

HPN, home parenteral nutrition; LFTs, liver function tests; PN, parenteral nutrition.