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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Aug 1.
Published in final edited form as: Environ Res. 2016 May 9;149:23–31. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.05.002

Table 3.

Associations of Individual Characteristics and Lifestyle Factors with MEHP:MEHHP and %MEHP (Regression Estimates and 95% Confidence Intervals), Participants without Prescription Medication Use in the Past Month, NHANES 2001–2012.

MEHP:MEHHP log(%MEHP)
Characteristic Model 1a Model 2b Model 1a Model 2b
β 95% CI β 95% CI β 95% CI β 95% CI
Age, years
 Estimates −0.001 −0.002, 0.001 −0.001 −0.002, 0.001 −0.004 −0.006, −0.002 −0.006 −0.008, −0.003
Race
 Caucasian 0.000 Reference 0.000 Reference 0.000 Reference 0.000 Reference
 Other Race 0.028 −0.018, 0.073 0.017 −0.032, 0.066 0.172 0.046, 0.299 0.170 0.037, 0.302
 Mexican-American or other 0.010 −0.021, 0.040 0.003 −0.033, 0.038 0.137 0.060, 0.214 0.135 0.049, 0.220
 Hispanic Non-Hispanic Black 0.004 −0.038, 0.046 −0.008 −0.055, 0.038 0.134 0.059, 0.209 0.128 0.038, 0.218
Gender
 Male 0.000 Reference 0.000 Reference 0.000 Reference 0.000 Reference
 Female 0.015 −0.14, 0.045 0.014 −0.015, 0.043 −0.001 −0.078, 0.077 0.009 −0.070, 0.088
BMI
 Normal 0.000 Reference 0.000 Reference 0.000 Reference 0.000 Reference
 Underweight −0.005 −0.095, 0.085 0.006 −0.087, 0.098 −0.051 −0.214, 0.112 −0.015 −0.203, 0.172
 Overweight −0.039 −0.068, −0.009 −0.039 −0.069, −0.009 −0.103 −0.164, −0.041 −0.103 −0.164,−0.042
Smoking
 Never smoker 0.000 Reference 0.000 Reference 0.000 Reference 0.000 Reference
 Past smoker −0.016 −0.042, 0.011 −0.011 −0.036, 0.015 0.009 −0.097, 0.116 0.007 −0.108, 0.122
 Current smoker 0.022 −0.004, 0.048 0.028 −0.001, 0.057 0.105 0.023, 0.188 0.114 0.033, 0.195
Alcohol use
 None 0.000 Reference 0.000 Reference 0.000 Reference 0.000 Reference
 Below limit −0.004 −0.032, 0.023 −0.004 −0.033, 0.025 −0.063 −0.174, 0.049 −0.048 −0.157, 0.062
 Above limit −0.022 −0.060, 0.016 −0.027 −0.065, 0.011 −0.112 −0.243, 0.020 −0.125 −0.256, 0.005
Cancer history
 No 0.000 Reference 0.000 Reference 0.000 Reference 0.000 Reference
 Yes −0.052 −0.085, −0.019 −0.051 −0.084, −0.018 −0.008 −0.228, 0.212 −0.001 −0.215, 0.214
Caffeine, mgc
 1st quartile 0.000 Reference 0.000 Reference 0.000 Reference 0.000 Reference
 2nd quartile −0.009 −0.059, 0.040 −0.012 −0.062, 0.039 −0.029 −0.135, 0.077 −0.048 −0.156, 0.060
 3rd quartile −0.029 −0.067, 0.010 −0.030 −0.071, 0.010 −0.058 −0.176, 0.061 −0.079 −0.199, 0.041
 4th quartile −0.019 −0.062, 0.024 −0.023 −0.067, 0.022 0.016 −0.127, 0.159 −0.020 −0.163, 0.124
Menopausal status/hormone use (women only)
 Premenopausal 0.000 Reference 0.000 Reference 0.000 Reference 0.000 Reference
 Postmenopausal/Never used 0.037 −0.046, 0.121 0.039 −0.049, 0.128 −0.185 −0.419, 0.049 −0.171 −0.402, 0.060
 Postmenopausal/Past, not current −0.018 −0.087, 0.051 −0.003 −0.081, 0.076 −0.068 −0.321, 0.184 −0.040 −0.305, 0.224
 Postmenopausal/Past, unknown current −0.006 −0.102, 0.090 −0.006 −0.094, 0.081 −0.187 −0.457, 0.083 −0.012 −0.292, 0.268
 Postmenopausal/Current NA NA NA NA

Abbreviations: CI, Confidence Interval; MEHP, mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate; MEHHP, mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate; %MEHP, ratio of MEHP to the sum of the secondary metabolites; NA, Not Applicable

a

Adjusted for age, BMI, and race

b

Adjusted for age, BMI, race, and all other factors in the analyses

c

1st quartile <10; 2nd quartile 10−<91 ; 3rd quartile 91−<208; and 4th quartile >208 mg