Table 4.
Alcohol Dependence at Wave 2, by WHO1 drinking risk level at Wave 1 and change in WHO level, Wave 1 to Wave 2
| All Wave 1 Drinkers (n=22 005): | Wave 1 drinkers with Alcohol Dependence (n=1 152) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wave 1 WHO risk level | Wave 2 change in WHO level | % with Wave 2 Alcohol Dependence2 | aOR3 (95% CI) | p-value 1 | Wave 1 WHO risk level | Wave 2 change in WHO level | % with Wave 2 Alcohol Dependence2 | aOR3 (95% CI) | p-value |
| Very High (n=512) | Very High (n=276) | ||||||||
| no change | 36.57 | reference | no change | 77.35 | reference | ||||
| decrease 1 | 13.54 | 0.27 (0.18–0.41) | <0.0001 | decrease 1 | 49.59 | 0.29 (0.15–0.57) | 0.00030 | ||
| decrease 2 | 08.83 | 0.17 (0.10–0.27) | <0.0001 | decrease 2 | 18.11 | 0.06 (0.04–0.10) | < 0.0001 | ||
| decrease 3 | 03.78 | 0.07 (0.05–0.10) | <0.0001 | decrease 3 | 12.30 | 0.04 (0.03–0.06) | < 0.0001 | ||
| abstainer | 00.00 | abstainer | 00.00 | ||||||
| High (n=546) | High (n=153) | ||||||||
| increase | 21.99 | 0.76 (0.52–1.11) | 0.15 | increase | 53.97 | 0.95 (0.48–1.87) | 0.88 | ||
| no change | 27.17 | reference | no change | 55.24 | reference | ||||
| decrease 1 | 19.21 | 0.64 (0.54–0.75) | <0.0001 | decrease 1 | 24.94 | 0.27 (0.16–0.45) | < 0.0001 | ||
| decrease 2 | 04.12 | 0.12 (0.09–0.15) | <0.0001 | decrease 2 | 11.21 | 0.10 (0.06–0.16) | < 0.0001 | ||
| abstainer | 00.00 | abstainer | 00.00 | ||||||
| Moderate (n=1 073) | Moderate (n=175) | ||||||||
| increase | 20.56 | 1.44 (1.06–1.95) | 0.019 | increase | 48.17 | 2.21(1.45–3.38) | 0.00023 | ||
| no change | 15.25 | reference | no change | 29.57 | reference | ||||
| decrease 1 | 04.98 | 0.29 (0.23–0.37) | <0.0001 | decrease 1 | 12.64 | 0.34 (0.24–0.49) | < 0.0001 | ||
| abstainer | 00.00 | abstainer | 00.00 | ||||||
| Low (n=19 874) | Low (n=548) | ||||||||
| increase | 19.02 | 8.23 (7.26–9.32) | <0.0001 | increase | 37.79 | 3.82 (2.98–4.88) | < 0.0001 | ||
| no change | 02.78 | reference | no change | 13.73 | reference | ||||
| abstainer | 00.00 | abstainer | 00.00 | ||||||
WHO World Health Organization
The percentages in this column indicate the % of respondents in each row (representing a WHO risk drinking category at Wave 1) who had alcohol dependence at Wave 2 based on the logistic regression model that included adjustment for covariates fixed at their marginal distributions found in the sample. For example, among all participants who were very high risk drinkers at Wave 1, an estimated 36.57% of those whose risk level did not change by Wave 2 had alcohol dependence at Wave 2; among participants who were very high risk drinkers and also alcohol dependent at Wave 1, an estimated 77.35% of those whose risk level did not change by Wave 2 had alcohol dependence at Wave 2.
aOR = adjusted odds ratio. Odds ratios indicate the effect of the predictor variable (change in WHO risk drinking level) on the outcome (Wave 2 alcohol dependence), relative to a comparison group (in this case, participants whose WHO risk drinking level did not change between Waves 1 and 2). Odds ratios >1.00 indicate increased odds relative to the comparison group, Odds ratios=1.00 indicate no difference in risk, and odds ratios <1.00 indicate decreased risk relative to the comparison group. Statistical significance of an aOR is indicated by a 95% confidence interval that does not include 1.00 between its lower and upper limit.