. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Jul 1.

Published in final edited form as: J Addict Med. 2017 Jul-Aug;11(4):293–299. doi: 10.1097/ADM.0000000000000311

Table 3.

Service utilization and psychotropic medication fills

	Tobacco Use Disorder	No Tobacco Use Disorder	TUD Vs. No TUD
	N= 519,918	2,691,840
Service Use (number)	Mean (SD)	Mean (SD)	Cohen’s d
Emergency Room Visits	83.03 (2.13)	48.20 (1.39)	0.23
Medical/Surgical Outpatient Visits	11.37 (11.91)	9.19 (10.73)	0.20
Psychiatric or Substance Use Disorder Outpatient Visits	7.92 (26.80)	2.25 (11.35)	0.38
All Outpatient Visits	19.29 (30.51)	11.44 (16.48)	0.40
Number of prescription fills	Mean (SD)	Mean (SD)	Cohen’s d
Antidepressants	4.37 (12.65)	2.28 (9.36)	0.21
Antipsychotics	1.81 (11.08)	0.66 (7.46)	0.14
Anxiolytic/Sedative/Hypnotics	1.94 (5.44)	1.17 (3.89)	0.18
Stimulants	0.06 (1.08)	0.04 (0.70)	0.02
Anticonvulsant/Mood Stabilizer	1.80 (9.35)	0.92 (6.57)	0.12
Lithium	0.13 (2.50)	0.04 (1.42)	0.06
All Psychotropics	10.35 (28.52)	5.51 (19.97)	0.22
Opioid prescriptions	7.97 (8.07)	6.21 ( (6.88)	0.24