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. 2017 Jul 31;7:6955. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-07196-7

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Effect of P. gingivalis administration on clinical features and serum levels of antibodies in a CIA model. (A) Representative image of the hind paw of sham-, P. gingivalis-, and P. intermedia-administered mice following CII immunisation. (B) Visual assessment score (VAS) of sham-, P. gingivalis-, and P. intermedia-administered mice. (C) Micro-computed tomographic appearance of the paws of sham-, P. gingivalis-, and P. intermedia-administered mice. (D) Histological analysis of the knee joints of sham-, P. gingivalis-, and P. intermedia-administered mice. Sections were stained with haematoxylin and eosin, and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase in combination with haematoxylin. Serum levels of anti-CII antibodies (E), anti-cyclic citrullinated protein (CCP) antibodies (F), and IgG antibodies against P. gingivalis W83 and P. intermedia ATCC 25611 (G) were compared between sham-, P. gingivalis-, and P. intermedia-administered mice. Sera were obtained immediately before immunisation (day 35) and after induction of CIA (day 77). Data represent the mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM) (N = 6 for (A,B,E,F and G). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, One-way ANOVA with Bonferroni corrections for multiple comparisons.