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. 2017 Jul 31;7:6962. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-07274-w

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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hBM-MSC treatment reduces sensorimotor deficits in stroke mice. (A) Experimental design. Initially mice were trained on the accelerated rotarod daily from −5d to −1d to generate stable baseline values. hBM-MSC were injected intravenously (IV) 3.5 h after tMCAo. Sensorimotor deficits were assessed at 2d, 1w, 3w and 5w. Exploratory and cognitive functions were evaluated at 4w measured by the open field and the novel object recognition (NOR) tests. Mice were sacrificed 5w after tMCAo. (B) Survivals in sham, tMCAo hBM-MSC and tMCAo PBS mice are shown by Kaplan-Meier curves. (C) Latency to fall off the rod was similarly reduced at 2d in both groups of stroke mice. hBM-MSC treatment induced a progressive improvement in the rotarod performance that was significant superior to that of tMCAo PBS mice. (D,E) The neuroscore revealed an increase in general (D) and focal (E) deficits in stroke mice as compared to sham. tMCAo hBM-MSC mice showed better general and focal scores compared to tMCAo PBS mice already at 2d, and this difference persisted throughout the observation period. The contribution of each individual parameter on general (F) and focal deficits (G) in tMCAo hBM-MSC and tMCAo PBS mice for the earliest (2d) and latest (5w) evaluation is shown. Data are mean + SD, n = 6–10, (B) Log-rank (Mantel-Cox) test p = 0.06. (C) Two-way ANOVA for RM p_treatment < 0.0001, p_time < 0.0001, p_interaction < 0.0001; (D) Two-way ANOVA for RM p_treatment < 0.0001, p_time < 0.0001, p_interaction < 0.0001. (E) Two-way ANOVA for RM p_treatment < 0.0001, p_time < 0.0001, p_interaction < 0.0001. Tukey’s post-hoc test: *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.