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. 2017 Jul 31;7:6942. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-06946-x

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Design of microfluidic sorting device. The microfluidic device is shown from above (a,a’) and as a cross section trough the channels (b). A ferrofluid is filled in the side channel distanced 10 µm from the sorting channel (a’). In the presence of an external magnetic field (thick arrows, H) the nanoparticles in the ferrofluid align to magnetize the ferrofluid (thin arrows, M) and create a gradient field. This results in an attractive force (F _m) acting on magnetic cells (red), whereas non-magnetic cells (blue) continue in the sample flow (a and b). The small magnetotactic bacteria were tested in a sorting channel with reduced dimensions (black) compared to dimensions used for macrophages (red). The microfluidic chip (a’) is placed inside a chip holder to ensure stable connection of the tubing and placed under a fluorescent microscope for online monitoring of the separation process (c).