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. 2017 Jul 31;7:6965. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-06022-4

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Effects of a Trp-free diet on tear secretion. Mice were given a standard diet (control group) or Trp-free diet (Trp-free group) for 7 days after the acclimatization period. Changes in blood 5-HT concentration (A) and body weight (B). (C) Changes in tear secretion. Each measurement was performed during 7 days of feeding with a standard diet or Trp-free diet. Open and solid symbols show the control group and Trp-free group, respectively (A–C). (D) Representative photographs of tear secretion patterns measured with a cotton thread at day 7 after changing to a Trp-free diet. The arrow indicates the wetted length due to tear secretion. (E) Stimulated tear secretion by 5-HT. 5-HT was injected 2 days after changing to a Trp-free diet. The line chart shows the changes in tear secretion after injection with vehicle (saline, open circles) and 5-HT at the dosage of 0.01 mg/kg (solid squares), 0.1 mg/kg (solid triangles), and 1 mg/kg (solid circles). The bar chart shows the blood 5-HT concentration 10 minutes after injection with vehicle (open column) or 5-HT (solid columns) at each dosage corresponding to the line chart. All data represent the mean ± SD, n = 6 mice. *P < 0.05, ***P < 0.001 versus control (B,C). ^# P < 0.001 versus day 0 (B,C), *P < 0.05, ***P < 0.001 versus vehicle (E).