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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: Cardiovasc Eng Technol. 2016 Aug 9;7(4):309–351. doi: 10.1007/s13239-016-0276-8

FIGURE 16.

FIGURE 16

(a) A schematic of the nine sonocrystals placement on the mitral valve arterial leaflet surface, showing crystal positions in relation to valvular geometry. (b) Two three-dimensional reconstructed views of the nine sonocrystals in the unloaded reference state (t = 0 ms) and the fully coapted state (t = 500 ms). The evaluation of valve deformation is extremely difficult and, being crucial for simulation validation, still remains a significant challenge (from Sacks et al.164).