Table 3.
Baseline and post-intervention measures of physical activity, sedentary behavior and peripheral muscle force.
| Variable | Exercise group (n = 8) |
Control group (n = 8) |
F; p value | MD [95% CI] | F; p value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Physical activity and sedentary behavior Mean ± SD |
Baseline | Post-intervention | MD [95% CI] | Baseline | Post-intervention | MD [95% CI] | Within-group | Between-group | Between-group |
| Number of days wearing monitor | 6.6 ± 0.5 | 6.5 ± 0.5 | −0.0 [−1.0 to 1.0] | 6.3 ± 1.1 | 6.5 ± 1.0 | −0.2 [−1.1 to 1.2] | 0.9; 0.35 | 0.2 [−0.8 to 1.3] | 0.2; 0.63 |
| Monitor wear time (h/day) | 13.8 ± 1.2 | 13.0 ± 1.1 | −0.8 [−2.0 to 0.4] | 13.3 ± 1.4 | 13.2 ± 1.5 | −0.4 [−1.3 to 0.5] | 2.7; 0.12 | −0.8 [−1.8 to 0.2] | 1.8; 0.20 |
| Stepwatch activity monitor | |||||||||
| Daily steps | 9357 ± 4195 | 9816 ± 4382 | 460 [−153 to 1073] | 6282 ± 2331 | 8020 ± 3864 | 1738 [−455 to 3931] | 5.2; 0.04 | −1278 [−3344 to 786] | 1.8; 0.21 |
| SenseWear armband | |||||||||
| Sedentary behavior (%) | 62 ± 16 | 59 ± 16 | −3 [−7 to 1] | 74 ± 12 | 67 ± 14 | −7 [−13 to 1] | 7.3; 0.02 | 4 [−4 to 11] | 1.1; 0.31 |
| Light intensity PA (%) | 21 ± 11 | 25 ± 11 | 4 [−3 to 11] | 20 ± 7 | 26 ± 11 | 6 [−1 to 12] | 6.9; 0.02 | 4 [−10 to 6] | 0.3; 0.58 |
| Moderate-to-vigorous intensity PA (%) | 17 ± 13 | 16 ± 8 | −1 [−6 to 4] | 6 ± 6 | 7 ± 4 | 1 [−3 to 5] | 0.3; 0.86 | −2 [−7 to 5] | 0.3; 0.60 |
| Variable | Exercise group |
Control group |
p value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Peripheral muscle force Median [IQR] |
Baseline | Post-intervention | Baseline | Post-intervention | Between-group |
| Isometric quadriceps force | n = 5 | n = 5 | n = 4 | n = 4 | |
| Torque (Nm) | 101 [70–132] | 112 [82–142] | 151 [91–238] | 153 [101–210] | 0.536 |
| Torque (%pred) | 103 [87–160] | 114 [100–171] | 99 [93–104] | 97 [82–114] | 0.190 |
| Isometric handgrip force | n = 7 | n = 7 | n = 8 | n = 8 | |
| Torque (Nm) | 32 [18–34] | 33 [20–35] | 26 [20–30] | 26 [19–31] | 0.072 |
| Torque (%pred) | 91 [78–115] | 93 [78–127] | 97 [83–111] | 100 [83–107] | 0.281 |
%-, percentage of waking hours; CI, confidence interval; IQR, interquartile range; MD, mean difference; PA, physical activity; SD, standard deviation. No within- or between-group differences were observed in physical activity, sedentary behavior, isometric quadriceps torque or isometric handgrip force. Definitions: sedentary behavior–energy expenditure ≤1.5 metabolic equivalent units (MET); light intensity PA – energy expenditure >1.5 and ≤3 MET; moderate-to-vigorous intensity PA – energy expenditure >3 MET.