Table 2.
Intra-rater and inter-rater reliability of the NHP and THP tests.
| Intra-rater reliability | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ICC (Reliability) | 95% CI | Mean diff AB (SD diff AB) |
σ2o | σ2 residual | SEM agreement | LOA | MDC | |
| Examiner A | ||||||||
| NHP | 0.78 | 0.65–0.86 | −0.10 (0.86) | 0.01 | 3.53 | 1.88 | −0.314 to 0.100 | 5.19 |
| THP into flexion | 0.82 | 0.71–0.89 | 0.03 (0.83) | 0.01 | 3.93 | 1.98 | −0.165 to 0.234 | 5.47 |
| THP into extension | 0.64 | 0.41–0.77 | −0.21 (0.97) | 0 | 2.62 | 1.61 | −0.256 to 0.212 | 4.44 |
| THP into SB right | 0.71 | 0.53–0.82 | −0.25 (0.87) | 0.03 | 2.79 | 1.67 | −0.467 to −0.048 | 4.61 |
| THP into SB left | 0.72 | 0.54–0.83 | −0.26 (0.83) | 0.03 | 2.71 | 1.65 | −0.465 to −0.620 | 4.55 |
| THP into rotation right | 0.82 | 0.73–0.88 | 0.03 (0.79) | 0 | 3.81 | 1.95 | −0.161 to 0.222 | 5.38 |
| THP into rotation left | 0.77 | 0.63–0.85 | −0.24 (1.18) | 0.02 | 4.21 | 2.05 | −0.530 to 0.375 | 5.66 |
| Examiner B | ||||||||
| NHP | 0.74 | 0.59–0.84 | 0.06 (0.89) | 0.02 | 3.16 | 1.78 | −0.146 to 0.282 | 4.91 |
| THP into flexion | 0.80 | 0.68–0.88 | −0.03 (0.85) | 0.01 | 3.77 | 1.94 | −0.239 to 0.172 | 5.36 |
| THP into extension | 0.70 | 0.52–0.81 | −0.02 (0.79) | 0 | 2.13 | 1.45 | −0.220 to 0.162 | 4.00 |
| THP into SB right | 0.72 | 0.54–0.82 | 0.19 (0.83) | 0.19 | 2.54 | 1.65 | −0.004 to 0.395 | 4.55 |
| THP into SB left | 0.74 | 0.56–0.83 | 0.17 (0.80) | 0.16 | 2.44 | 1.61 | −0.013 to 0.373 | 4.44 |
| THP into rotation right | 0.83 | 0.72–0.89 | 0.03 (0.79) | 0 | 4.08 | 2.01 | −0.293 to 0.107 | 5.55 |
| THP into rotation left | 0.71 | 0.53–0.82 | −0.24 (1.18) | 0.09 | 5.95 | 2.45 | −0.728 to 0.126 | 6.77 |
| Inter-rater reliability to first assessment | ||||||||
| NHP | 0.79 | 0.66–0.87 | 0.06 (0.89) | 0.10 | 3.41 | 1.87 | −0.146 to 0.282 | 5.16 |
| THP into flexion | 0.82 | 0.70–0.88 | 0.01 (0.83) | 0 | 3.81 | 1.95 | −0.195 to 0.204 | 5.38 |
| THP into extension | 0.62 | 0.39–0.76 | −0.13 (0.91) | 0 | 2.26 | 1.50 | −0.352 to 0.088 | 4.14 |
| THP into SB right | 0.69 | 0.49–0.81 | −0.29 (0.88) | 0.04 | 2.69 | 1.65 | −0.506 to −0.081 | 4.55 |
| THP into SB left | 0.67 | 0.46–0.79 | −0.29 (0.88) | 0.04 | 2.55 | 1.60 | −0.506 to −0.819 | 4.42 |
| THP into rotation right | 0.84 | 0.75–0.90 | 0.07 (0.79) | 0 | 4.08 | 2.01 | −0.119 to 0.264 | 1.52 |
| THP into rotation left | 0.76 | 0.43–0.82 | 0.04 (1.76) | 0 | 5.01 | 2.23 | −0.420 to 0.428 | 5.55 |
| Second assessment | ||||||||
| NHP | 0.74 | 0.59–0.84 | 0.06 (0.89) | 0 | 3.23 | 1.79 | −0.146 to 0.282 | 4.93 |
| THP into flexion | 0.81 | 0.69–0.88 | −0.06 (0.85) | 0 | 3.82 | 1.95 | −0.269 to 0.142 | 5.38 |
| THP into extension | 0.66 | 0.45–0.79 | −0.13 (0.90) | 0.01 | 2.42 | 1.55 | −0.511 to 0.086 | 4.28 |
| THP into SB right | 0.72 | 0.55–0.82 | 0.15 (0.84) | 0.01 | 2.60 | 1.61 | −0.043 to 0.362 | 4.44 |
| THP into SB left | 0.69 | 0.53–0.81 | 0.14 (0.82) | 0.01 | 2.50 | 1.58 | −0.053 to 0.343 | 4.36 |
| THP into rotation right | 0.82 | 0.70–0.88 | −0.05 (0.83) | 0 | 3.82 | 1.96 | −0.250 to 0.149 | 5.41 |
| THP into rotation left | 0.80 | 0.68–0.87 | −0.17 (0.88) | 0.01 | 4.10 | 2.02 | −0.389 to 0.035 | 5.58 |
NHP, neutral head position; THP, target head position; SB, side bending; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval; ICC agreement, intraclass correlation coefficients; Mean diff AB, mean difference between examiner A and B; SD diff AB, standard deviation of the mean difference between examiner A and B; σ2o, variance component of testers; σ2 residual, random error of variance; SEM, standard error of measurement; LOA, limits of agreement; MDC, minimal detectable change.