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. 2017 Jun 13;7(6):e1152. doi: 10.1038/tp.2017.111

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Copyright © 2017 The Author(s)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/

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Chd5^−/− mice show deficits in behavioral measures of empathy. (a) Schematic of the socially transmitted fear paradigm (Acc, acclimation; AU, arbitrary unit; Cond, demonstrator conditioning; M, measurement; Control, non-conditioned wild-type). (b; Left) Familiar/wildtype observer mice (black, n=14) froze more than familiar/Chd5^−/− (green, n=20) or unfamiliar/wild-type (gray, n=14) observers during demonstrator conditioning (right), a significant effect across all conditioning trials (unfamiliar/wild-type: P=0.03; familiar/Chd5^−/− : P=0.05). (c) Schematic of the SIA paradigm. (d) Familiar/wild-type observers exhibited significant SIA compared with controls (P=0.043), whereas familiar/Chd5^−/− (P=0.32) and unfamiliar/wild-type (P=0.79) observer mice did not. *P<0.05. Chd5, chromodomain helicase DNA-binding 5; SIA, socially induced avoidance.