Table 2.
Association between pubertal stage and cardiometabolic risk factors by sex.
| Characteristics | Girls (n = 1568) | p Value | Boys (n = 1309) | p Value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre-Pubertal (n = 78) | Pubertal (n = 794) | Late/Post-Pubertal (n = 696) | Pre-Pubertal (n = 85) | Pubertal (n = 679) | Late/Post-Pubertal (n = 545) | |||
| Age (years) (mean (SD)) a | 10.3 (1.4) | 12.4 (2.1) | 14.4 (1.7) | 0.001 | 10.2 (1.8) | 12.4 (2.1) | 14.6 (1.6) | 0.001 |
| Cardiometabolic risk factors (n (%)) | ||||||||
| Increased waist circumference | 3 (3.8) | 28 (3.5) | 23 (3.3) | 0.765 | 4 (4.7) | 29 (4.3) | 22 (4.0) | 0.660 |
| High triglyceride | 19 (24.4) | 258 (32.5) | 233 (33.5) | 0.231 | 12 (14.1) | 142 (20.9) | 127 (23.3) | 0.130 |
| Low HDL-C | 45 (57.7) | 497 (62.6) | 458 (65.8) | 0.065 | 39 (45.9) | 383 (56.4) | 404 (74.1) | 0.001 |
| High fasting plasma glucose | 1 (1.3) | 30 (3.8) | 40 (5.7) | 0.200 | 2 (2.4) | 39 (5.7) | 28 (5.1) | 0.824 |
| High systolic blood pressure | 19 (24.4) | 117 (14.7) | 69 (9.9) | <0.001 | 17 (20.0) | 117 (17.2) | 68 (12.5) | 0.004 |
| High diastolic blood pressure | 12 (15.4) | 91 (11.5) | 71 (10.2) | 0.200 | 12 (14.1) | 63 (9.3) | 56 (10.3) | 0.556 |
| Overweight/obese | 22 (28.2) | 220 (27.5) | 209 (30.0) | 0.010 | 27 (31.8) | 118 (17.4) | 82 (15.0) | 0.006 |
| Obese | 4 (5.1) | 54 (6.8) | 36 (5.2) | 0.006 | 8 (9.4) | 39 (5.7) | 23 (4.2) | 0.005 |
| CMRI (mean (SD)) b | −0.053 (0.512) | −0.025 (0.506) | 0.005 (0.464) | 0.392 | −0.087 (0.421) | −0.043 (0.495) | 0.038 (0.480) | 0.003 |
p value testing the statistical significance of the association between each of the cardiometabolic risk factors and pubertal stage. CMRI, cardiometabolic risk index. CMRI = z-WC + z-triglycerides + z-HDL-C + z-glucose + z-SBP + z-DBP. The HDL-C value was then multiplied by −1, as it is inversely related to cardiovascular risk. We used a lineal chi-square test (χ2) for n (%). a Analyzed by ANOVA one-way (p for trend); b Analyzed by ANCOVA model adjusted by age.