Effect of antioxidants on DHA, EPA, or 4-HHE-suppression of sEH protein expression. (A–C) RAECs were pretreated with N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC; 10 mM) for 1 h, and then with DHA (100 µM), EPA (100 µM), or 4-HHE (15 µM) for 48 h. The protein expression of sEH and β-actin was evaluated by western blotting. Each value represents the mean ± SEM. n = 7. (D) The protein expression of p38 kinase (p38), phospho-p38 (p-p38), heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and β-actin (in cells treated with 15 or 30 µM 4-HHE for 48 h) was determined by western blotting. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, compared with control. NS, no significant difference.