Table 4.
Top metabolites associated with clinical characteristics in the study population (n = 270) a.
| Clinical Characteristics | Metabolites | Class | Correlation (r) | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fasting glucose | d-Glucose | Carbohydrates | 0.638 | 1.61 × 10−31 |
| Hydroxyproline | Amino acids | 0.248 | 4.60 × 10−05 | |
| Valine | Amino acids | 0.235 | 1.15 × 10−04 | |
| CMPF | Fatty acids | 0.401 | 1.28 × 10−11 | |
| DHA | Fatty acids | 0.284 | 2.72 × 10−06 | |
| EPA | Fatty acids | 0.236 | 1.08 × 10−04 | |
| Fasting insulin | d-Glucose | Carbohydrates | 0.301 | 4.79 × 10−07 |
| Valine | Amino acids | 0.267 | 8.99 × 10−06 | |
| Creatinine | Valine | Amino acids | 0.335 | 1.67 × 10−08 |
| Hydroxyproline | Amino acids | 0.332 | 2.18 × 10−08 | |
| Tryptophan | Amino acids | 0.247 | 4.00 × 10−05 | |
| Total cholesterol | AA | Fatty acids | 0.520 | 3.99 × 10−20 |
| DHA | Fatty acids | 0.431 | 1.22 × 10−13 | |
| PC (38:4) | AA-content GP | 0.416 | 9.77 × 10−13 | |
| PC (o36:4) | AA-content GP | 0.332 | 2.26 × 10−08 | |
| PC (o38:5) | AA-content GP | 0.529 | 7.50 × 10−21 | |
| PC (p36:4) | AA-content GP | 0.385 | 6.01 × 10−11 | |
| PE (p36:4) | AA-content GP | 0.298 | 6.32 × 10−07 | |
| PE (p38:4) | AA-content GP | 0.434 | 8.26 × 10−14 | |
| PE (p38:5) | AA-content GP | 0.476 | 1.08 × 10−16 | |
| LPE (22:6) | DHA-content GP | 0.250 | 3.34 × 10−05 | |
| PC (38:6) | DHA-content GP | 0.409 | 2.57 × 10−12 | |
| PC (40:6) | DHA-content GP | 0.436 | 5.88 × 10−14 | |
| PC (40:7) | DHA-content GP | 0.350 | 3.28 × 10−09 | |
| PC (o38:6) | DHA-content GP | 0.266 | 9.51 × 10−06 | |
| PC (p40:6) | DHA-content GP | 0.310 | 2.00 × 10−07 | |
| PE (38:6) | DHA-content GP | 0.360 | 1.09 × 10−09 | |
| PE (40:6) | DHA-content GP | 0.386 | 5.13 × 10−11 | |
| PE (40:9) | DHA-content GP | 0.294 | 9.11 × 10−07 | |
| PE (p38:6) | DHA-content GP | 0.561 | 7.99 × 10−24 | |
| PC (34:2) | Non-AA/EPA/DHA-content GP | 0.603 | 4.17 × 10−28 | |
| PC (36:2) | Non-AA/EPA/DHA-content GP | 0.376 | 1.62 × 10−10 | |
| PC (36:4) | Non-AA/EPA/DHA-content GP | 0.436 | 6.29 × 10−14 | |
| PC (o34:1) | Non-AA/EPA/DHA-content GP | 0.524 | 1.92 × 10−20 | |
| PE (36:3) | Non-AA/EPA/DHA-content GP | 0.274 | 4.97 × 10−06 | |
| PI (34:2) | Non-AA/EPA/DHA-content GP | 0.336 | 1.56 × 10−08 | |
| PI (36:2) | Non-AA/EPA/DHA-content GP | 0.572 | 7.78 × 10−25 | |
| PI (38:3) | Non-AA/EPA/DHA-content GP | 0.299 | 5.57 × 10−07 | |
| TG | Lysine | Amino acids | 0.256 | 2.06 × 10−05 |
| Valine | Amino acids | 0.323 | 5.81 × 10−08 | |
| AA | Fatty acids | 0.406 | 4.00 × 10−12 | |
| DHA | Fatty acids | 0.304 | 3.37 × 10−07 | |
| PC (38:4) | AA-content GP | 0.239 | 7.34 × 10−05 | |
| PE (38:6) | DHA-content GP | 0.338 | 1.28 × 10−08 | |
| PE (40:6) | DHA-content GP | 0.490 | 1.13 × 10−17 | |
| PE (40:9) | DHA-content GP | 0.309 | 2.17 × 10−07 | |
| LPE (18:1) | Non-AA/EPA/DHA-content GP | 0.247 | 4.15 × 10−05 | |
| PC (34:2) | Non-AA/EPA/DHA-content GP | 0.367 | 4.81 × 10−10 | |
| PC (36:2) | Non-AA/EPA/DHA-content GP | 0.585 | 3.64 × 10−26 | |
| PC (36:4) | Non-AA/EPA/DHA-content GP | 0.302 | 4.19 × 10−07 | |
| PC (o34:1) | Non-AA/EPA/DHA-content GP | 0.318 | 9.70 × 10−08 | |
| PE (36:3) | Non-AA/EPA/DHA-content GP | 0.566 | 2.79 × 10−24 | |
| PI (34:2) | Non-AA/EPA/DHA-content GP | 0.511 | 2.11 × 10−19 | |
| PI (36:2) | Non-AA/EPA/DHA-content GP | 0.642 | 1.04 × 10−32 | |
| PI (38:3) | Non-AA/EPA/DHA-content GP | 0.506 | 5.63 × 10−19 | |
| HDL | Lysine | Amino acids | −0.315 | 1.22 × 10−07 |
| Valine | Amino acids | −0.482 | 3.99 × 10−17 | |
| PC (o36:4) | AA-content GP | 0.233 | 1.09 × 10−04 | |
| PC (o38:5) | AA-content GP | 0.410 | 2.34 × 10−12 | |
| PC (p36:4) | AA-content GP | 0.298 | 6.01 × 10−07 | |
| PE (p38:4) | AA-content GP | 0.235 | 9.58 × 10−05 | |
| PE (p38:5) | AA-content GP | 0.261 | 1.35 × 10−05 | |
| PC (40:7) | DHA-content GP | 0.446 | 1.37 × 10−14 | |
| PC (o38:6) | DHA-content GP | 0.368 | 4.33 × 10−10 | |
| PC (p40:6) | DHA-content GP | 0.390 | 2.88 × 10−11 | |
| PE (p38:6) | DHA-content GP | 0.235 | 9.95 × 10−05 | |
| PC (34:2) | Non-AA/EPA/DHA-content GP | 0.378 | 1.31 × 10−10 | |
| PC (o34:1) | Non-AA/EPA/DHA-content GP | 0.343 | 7.09 × 10−09 | |
| PC (36:4) | Non-AA/EPA/DHA-content GP | 0.549 | 1.19 × 10−22 | |
| LDL | AA | Fatty acids | 0.423 | 5.06 × 10−13 |
| DHA | Fatty acids | 0.361 | 1.28 × 10−09 | |
| PC (38:4) | AA-content GP | 0.329 | 3.75 × 10−08 | |
| PC (o36:4) | AA-content GP | 0.315 | 1.48 × 10−07 | |
| PC (o38:5) | AA-content GP | 0.438 | 6.40 × 10−14 | |
| PC (p36:4) | AA-content GP | 0.355 | 2.28 × 10−09 | |
| PE (p36:4) | AA-content GP | 0.282 | 2.86 × 10−06 | |
| PE (p38:4) | AA-content GP | 0.344 | 7.91 × 10−09 | |
| PE (p38:5) | AA-content GP | 0.379 | 1.57 × 10−10 | |
| PC (38:6) | DHA-content GP | 0.350 | 4.32 × 10−09 | |
| PC (40:6) | DHA-content GP | 0.380 | 1.40 × 10−10 | |
| PC (o38:6) | DHA-content GP | 0.256 | 2.23 × 10−05 | |
| PC (p40:6) | DHA-content GP | 0.289 | 1.60 × 10−06 | |
| PE (40:6) | DHA-content GP | 0.269 | 8.35 × 10−06 | |
| PE (p38:6) | DHA-content GP | 0.485 | 3.52 × 10−17 | |
| PC (34:2) | Non-AA/EPA/DHA-content GP | 0.428 | 2.71 × 10−13 | |
| PC (36:2) | Non-AA/EPA/DHA-content GP | 0.252 | 3.08 × 10−05 | |
| PC (36:4) | Non-AA/EPA/DHA-content GP | 0.338 | 1.55 × 10−08 | |
| PC (o34:1) | Non-AA/EPA/DHA-content GP | 0.361 | 1.28 × 10−09 | |
| PI (36:2) | Non-AA/EPA/DHA-content GP | 0.520 | 6.75 × 10−20 | |
| C-reactive protein | - |
PC, phosphatidylcholine; LPE, lysophosphatidylethanolamine; PE, phosphatidylethanolamine; PI, phosphatidylinositol; AA, arachidonic acid; EPA, eicosapentaenoic acid, DHA, docosahexaenoic acid; CMPF, 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropanoic acid. (o), ether-linked phospholipids; (p) plasmalogen-based phospholipids. GP, glycerophospholipids. a Pearson correlation analysis with adjustments for age, gender, and BMI. Significance was defined as the Bonferroni-corrected level of p < 1.5 × 10−4 (8 clinical characteristics × 42 differential metabolites, at the 0.05 level).