Table 1.
Baseline characteristics by egg consumption, the Health Examinees Study-Gem (HEXA-G) study, 2004–2013.
| Egg Consumption (Egg/Week) | p-Value * | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| <1 | 1 | 2–4 | 5–6 | ≥7 | ||
| Men (n = 43,682) | 19,939 | 13,798 | 6476 | 1334 | 2135 | |
| Age (years) † | 54.5 ± 8.1 | 53.0 ± 8.4 | 52.1 ± 8.5 | 51.9 ± 8.4 | 54.0 ± 8.8 | <0.0001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.4 ± 2.7 | 24.4 ± 2.8 | 24.5 ± 2.8 | 24.6 ± 2.8 | 24.4 ± 2.9 | 0.0290 |
| College or above, n (%) | 6469 (32.9) | 5287 (38.8) | 2671 (41.7) | 596 (45.1) | 964 (45.7) | <0.0001 |
| Current smokers, n (%) | 5783 (29.1) | 4498 (32.7) | 2277 (35.3) | 478 (35.9) | 672 (31.6) | <0.0001 |
| Current drinkers, n (%) | 14,143 (71.1) | 10,192 (74.0) | 4876 (75.4) | 1008 (75.8) | 1538 (72.4) | <0.0001 |
| Regular exercisers, n (%) | 11,296 (43.2) | 7774 (43.6) | 3761 (41.8) | 758 (43.1) | 1322 (37.9) | <0.0001 |
| Dietary Intake ‡ | ||||||
| Energy (kcal) | 1717.8 ± 435.6 | 1879.1 ± 445.6 | 2010.4 ± 479.2 | 2110.2 ± 515.4 | 2101.0 ± 506.8 | <0.0001 |
| Carbohydrate (g) ‡ | 312.1 ± 75.0 | 330 ± 76.8 | 342.5 ± 81.0 | 352.5 ± 86.5 | 346.6 ± 84.6 | <0.0001 |
| Protein (g) ‡ | 55.4 ± 20.1 | 63.9 ± 20.1 | 71.7 ± 22.2 | 77.2 ± 24.1 | 79.1 ± 25.3 | <0.0001 |
| Fat (g) ‡ | 24.9 ± 13.8 | 31.5 ± 14.1 | 37.1 ± 16.0 | 41.3 ± 17.3 | 42.4 ± 17.8 | <0.0001 |
| % Energy from carbohydrate | 74.2 ± 6.9 | 71.4 ± 6.3 | 69.2 ± 6.6 | 67.8 ± 6.7 | 66.8 ± 7.0 | <0.0001 |
| % Energy from protein | 12.9 ± 2.4 | 13.7 ± 2.2 | 14.3 ± 2.3 | 14.7 ± 2.3 | 15.1 ± 2.5 | <0.0001 |
| % Energy from fat | 12.8 ± 5.0 | 15.0 ± 4.6 | 16.5 ± 4.8 | 17.5 ± 4.9 | 18.0 ± 5.0 | <0.0001 |
| Cholesterol (mg) ‡ | 108.5 ± 71.0 | 171.5 ± 70.1 | 250.3 ± 80.4 | 331.6 ± 84.1 | 420.9 ± 138.1 | <0.0001 |
| Fruit (g) | 128.4 + 107.5 | 131.3 + 85.1 | 139.5 + 91.1 | 135.3 + 87.0 | 144.7 + 105.4 | <0.0001 |
| Vegetables (g) | 142.7 + 147.6 | 148.0 + 126.1 | 146.8 + 128.4 | 145.0 + 123.5 | 158.7 + 136.6 | <0.0001 |
| Meat (g) | 38.4 + 33.1 | 43.3 + 31.5 | 45.1 + 33.6 | 45.7 + 33.9 | 42.0 + 34.6 | <0.0001 |
| Women (n = 86,738) | 41,639 | 25,771 | 12,409 | 2592 | 4327 | |
| Age (years) | 53.5 ± 7.6 | 51.6 ± 7.7 | 50.6 ± 7.8 | 50.3 ± 7.8 | 51.5 ± 7.8 | <0.0001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.8 ± 2.9 | 23.5 ± 2.9 | 23.4 ± 3.0 | 23.5 ± 3.1 | 23.3 ± 3.0 | <0.0001 |
| College or above, n (%) | 5922 (14.2) | 5704 (22.1) | 3246 (26.2) | 707 (27.3) | 1261 (29.1) | <0.0001 |
| Current smokers, n (%) | 896 (2.2) | 518 (2) | 285 (2.3) | 79 (3.0) | 93 (2.1) | 0.0113 |
| Current drinkers, n (%) | 11,752 (28.2) | 8383 (32.5) | 4066 (32.8) | 908 (35.0) | 1328 (30.7) | <0.0001 |
| Regular exercisers, n (%) | 20,873 (50.1) | 13,121 (50.9) | 6520 (52.5) | 1329 (51.3) | 2432 (56.2) | <0.0001 |
| Dietary Intake | ||||||
| Energy (kcal) | 1560.1 ± 457.3 | 1720.6 ± 462.2 | 1859.2 ± 497.9 | 1946.3 ± 531.5 | 1993.2 ± 541.8 | <0.0001 |
| Carbohydrate (g) ‡ | 287.5 ± 82.6 | 306.1 ± 82.5 | 320.9 ± 86.9 | 328.3 ± 90.8 | 331.5 ± 91.9 | <0.0001 |
| Protein (g) ‡ | 50.6 ± 20.0 | 58.7 ± 19.7 | 66.5 ± 21.8 | 71.8 ± 23.8 | 76.0 ± 25.8 | <0.0001 |
| Fat (g) ‡ | 21.3 ± 12.9 | 27.5 ± 13.3 | 33.1 ± 15.0 | 37.1 ± 16.3 | 39.6 ± 17.1 | <0.0001 |
| % Energy from carbohydrate | 74.9 ± 7.2 | 71.9 ± 6.6 | 69.7 ± 6.7 | 68.0 ± 6.7 | 67.0 ± 6.9 | <0.0001 |
| % Energy from protein | 13.0 ± 2.6 | 13.7 ± 2.3 | 14.4 ± 2.4 | 14.8 ± 2.4 | 15.3 ± 2.6 | <0.0001 |
| % Energy from fat | 12.1 ± 5.1 | 14.3 ± 4.8 | 15.9 ± 4.9 | 17.1 ± 4.9 | 17.8 ± 4.9 | <0.0001 |
| Cholesterol (mg) ‡ | 101.5 ± 72.0 | 163.9 ± 68.8 | 244.2 ± 78.5 | 325.2 ± 84.0 | 415.7 ± 143.4 | <0.0001 |
| Fruit (g) | 151.9 + 121.3 | 152.7 + 102.8 | 161.5 + 105.6 | 165.1 + 108.9 | 177.1 + 123.4 | <0.0001 |
| Vegetables (g) | 203.9 + 191.4 | 208.0 + 167 | 207.4 + 162.7 | 200.4 + 162.0 | 221.3 + 173.0 | <0.0001 |
| Meat (g) | 28.3 + 29.1 | 33.9 + 28.4 | 35.5 + 29.4 | 36.0 + 29.1 | 31.5 + 27.3 | <0.0001 |
* p-Values for linear trend across egg consumption categories were calculated by chi-square tests for categorical variables and general linear regression for continuous variables. † Values are means ± SD or n (%). ‡ Nutrient intake values were energy adjusted using the residual method.