Table 2.
Odd ratios (OR) * and 95% CI of metabolic syndrome and components according to egg consumption.
| Egg Consumption (Egg/Week) | p-Trend † | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| <1 | 1 | 2–4 | 5–6 | ≥7 | ||
| Men (n = 43,682) | 19,939 | 13,798 | 6476 | 1334 | 2135 | |
| MetS ‡ | 5825 (29.2) § | 3981 (28.9) | 1912 (29.5) | 388 (29.1) | 595 (27.9) | |
| Ref. (Reference) | 0.97 (0.92–1.02) | 1.00 (0.93–1.07) | 0.96 (0.84–1.10) | 0.94 (0.84–1.05) | 0.3806 | |
| WC ≥90 cm | 5698 (28.6) | 4068 (29.5) | 2010 (31.0) | 377 (28.3) | 615 (28.8) | |
| Ref. | 0.98 (0.93–1.03) | 1.04 (0.97–1.11) | 0.89 (0.79–1.01) | 0.90 (0.82–1.00) | 0.1327 | |
| Serum TG ≥150 mg/dL | 7708 (38.7) | 5446 (39.5) | 2646 (40.9) | 540 (40.5) | 807 (37.8) | |
| Ref. | 0.98 (0.94–1.03) | 1.01 (0.95–1.08) | 0.97 (0.86–1.10) | 0.94 (0.85–1.04) | 0.4771 | |
| Serum HDL-C ≤40 mg/dL | 4783 (24.0) | 3135 (22.7) | 1413 (21.8) | 274 (20.5) | 464 (21.7) | |
| Ref. | 0.94 (0.89–1.00) | 0.90 (0.84–0.97) | 0.82 (0.72–0.95) | 0.89 (0.80–1.00) | 0.0004 | |
| BP ≥130/85 mmHg | 10,656 (53.4) | 7171 (52.0) | 3377 (52.2) | 665 (49.9) | 1118 (52.4) | |
| Ref. | 0.98 (0.93–1.02) | 1.00 (0.94–1.06) | 0.91 (0.81–1.02) | 0.98 (0.89–1.07) | 0.2943 | |
| Fasting glucose ≥100 mg/dL | 7088 (35.6) | 4679 (33.9) | 2211 (34.1) | 449 (33.7) | 722 (33.8) | |
| Ref. | 0.97 (0.92–1.02) | 1.00 (0.94–1.07) | 0.97 (0.86–1.10) | 0.99 (0.90–1.10) | 0.7800 | |
| Women (n = 86,738) | 41,639 | 25,771 | 12,409 | 2592 | 4327 | |
| MetS | 11,683 (28.1) | 5836 (22.6) | 2495 (20.1) | 504 (19.4) | 820 (19.0) | |
| Ref. | 0.90 (0.86–0.94) | 0.83 (0.78–0.87) | 0.80 (0.71–0.89) | 0.77 (0.70–0.84) | <0.0001 | |
| WC ≥80 cm | 18,627 (44.7) | 10,137 (39.3) | 4720 (38.0) | 988 (38.1) | 1533 (35.4) | |
| Ref. | 0.91 (0.87–0.94) | 0.91 (0.87–0.95) | 0.93 (0.85–1.01) | 0.80 (0.75–0.86) | <0.0001 | |
| Serum TG ≥150 mg/dL | 10,589 (25.4) | 5540 (21.5) | 2425 (19.5) | 519 (20.0) | 822 (19.0) | |
| Ref. | 0.90 (0.86–0.93) | 0.83 (0.79–0.88) | 0.86 (0.77–0.95) | 0.78 (0.72–0.85) | <0.0001 | |
| Serum HDL-C ≤50 mg/dL | 16,020 (38.5) | 8895 (34.5) | 3981 (32.1) | 788 (30.4) | 1332 (30.8) | |
| Ref. | 0.94 (0.91–0.97) | 0.87 (0.83–0.91) | 0.82 (0.75–0.89) | 0.82 (0.77–0.88) | <0.0001 | |
| BP ≥130/85 mmHg | 16,806 (40.4) | 9197 (35.7) | 4132 (33.3) | 785 (30.3) | 1368 (31.6) | |
| Ref. | 0.98 (0.94–1.01) | 0.95 (0.91–0.99) | 0.83 (0.76–0.91) | 0.86 (0.80–0.92) | <0.0001 | |
| Fasting glucose ≥100 mg/dL | 8868 (21.3) | 4819 (18.7) | 2121 (17.1) | 425 (16.4) | 739 (17.1) | |
| Ref. | 0.98 (0.94–1.02) | 0.94 (0.89–0.99) | 0.90 (0.81–1.01) | 0.94 (0.83–0.99) | 0.0015 | |
* Adjusted for age (40–49, 50–59, and 60–69), BMI (continuous; not adjusted for WC OR), recruitment site, education (≤elementary school, middle school, high school, ≥college, and unknown), smoking (never, past, current, and unknown), alcohol drinking (non, current, and unknown), regular exercisers (yes, no, and unknown), and total energy intake (quartiles). † Linear trends across categories of egg consumption were tested using the median consumption value for each categories as an ordinal variable. ‡ MetS: The presence of three or more of the following components: (1): waist circumference (WC) ≥90 cm in men and ≥80 cm in women; (2): high triglyceride level (TG) ≥150 mg/dL; (3): low high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level <40 mg/dL in men and <50 mg/dL in women or taking anticholesterol medication; (4): high blood pressure (BP) ≥130/85 mmHg or taking antihypertensive medicine; (5): high fasting glucose level ≥100 mg/dL or taking medication to treat diabetes mellitus. § The number of cases (percentage).