Figure 3.

24 h whole body (WB) protein synthesis (A), protein breakdown (B), and protein balance (C) at rest (Rest) and after whole body resistance exercise supplemented with 25 g whey protein (PRO) and isocaloric carbohydrate (CHO), calculated using the harmonic mean of urinary [¹⁵N]ammonia and urea end product enrichments. Data were analysed by one-way (condition) repeated-measures ANOVA: * CHO > PRO, P = 0.017; P = 0.11 for CHO vs. Rest. Protein breakdown: † PRO < CHO, P = 0.006. Net protein balance: ‡ PRO > Rest, P = 0.036; P = 0.11 for PRO vs. CHO. Values are individual means; n = 12.