Table 2.
Neuromuscular fatigue effect sizes: REx + CHO vs. REx + PRO.
| Cohen Effect Size | Probability of Protein Superiority | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CMJ Outcome | 10 h recovery | 24 h recovery | 10 h recovery | 24 h recovery |
| Jump height | 0.49 | −0.29 | 64% | 42% |
| Force | ||||
| Mean force (CON) | −0.04 | −0.56 | 49% | 35% |
| Max RFD | 0.72 | 0.12 | 69% | 53% |
| Total impulse (CON) | 0.36 | −0.01 | 60% | 50% |
| Peak force | −0.07 | −0.08 | 48% | 48% |
| Force-Velocity AUC (ECC) | 0.48 | 0.56 | 63% | 65% |
| Velocity | ||||
| Peak velocity | 0.27 | −0.05 | 58% | 48% |
| Take-off velocity | 0.29 | −0.09 | 58% | 48% |
| Mean velocity (CON) | 0.27 | −0.05 | 58% | 48% |
| Kinetic energy at take-off | 0.29 | −0.09 | 58% | 47% |
| Peak ECC (pre-load) velocity | 0.54 | 0.49 | 65% | 64% |
| Power | ||||
| Peak power | 0.24 | −0.38 | 58% | 39% |
| Time to peak power | 0.58 | 0.28 | 66% | 58% |
| Neuromuscular strategy | ||||
| Concentric duration | −0.29 | 00.94 | 42% | 25% |
| Eccentric duration | 0.56 | 0.45 | 65% | 62% |
| Total duration | 0.56 | 0.26 | 65% | 57% |
Effect sizes were calculated as the mean difference between PRO and CHO divided by the SD of Rest (control) [40]. The thresholds for Small, Moderate and Large effect sizes are 0.2, 0.5 and 0.8, respectively [39]. Beneficial effects are shown as mathematically positive for all CMJ variables (e.g., a positive effect size is shown for a shorter CMJ duration). Probability of protein superiority: the percent chance that a value from PRO will be greater than CHO, calculated as % = φ (d/), where φ is the cumulative distribution function of the standard normal distribution, and d is the Cohen Effect Size [42]; 50% = no effect. CMJ, countermovement jump; CON, concentric; ECC, eccentric. RFD = rate of force development. AUC = area-under-the-curve. Impulse is the area under the force-time curve. REx = whole body resistance exercise.