Table 1.
Between group comparison of anthropometric measures, P. falciparum infection prevalence, P. falciparum parasitemia, and inflammation biomarkers and prevalence at baseline, six months, and nine months in 12- to 36-month-old Ivorian children fed iron fortified complementary food (CF) containing NaFeEDTA combined with either ferrous fumarate (FeFum) or ferric pyrophosphate (FePP).
| Groups | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Control | CF-FeFum | CF-FePP | |
| Participants N = | |||
| Baseline | 125 | 126 | 127 |
| 6 months | 104 | 111 | 116 |
| 9 months | 76 | 81 | 87 |
| Height (cm, mean, SD) | |||
| Baseline | 79.2 ± 9.8 | 78.5 ± 7.5 | 78.6 ± 6.8 |
| 6 months | 86.2 ± 6.9 | 86.8 ± 6.9 | 85.8 ± 6.6 |
| 9 months | 89.0 ± 6.6 | 89.3 ± 6.5 | 89.0 ± 6.3 |
| Body weight (kg, mean, SD) | |||
| Baseline | 10.7 ± 2.3 | 10.8 ± 2.9 | 10.7 ± 2.5 |
| 6 months | 11.2 ± 2.0 | 11.1 ± 2.0 | 11.0 ± 1.8 |
| 9 months | 11.7 ± 2.1 | 11.5 ± 1.9 | 11.4 ± 1.7 |
| P. falciparum prevalence | |||
| Baseline | 62.1% | 57.7% | 66.1% |
| 6 months | 62.5% | 55.0% | 64.7% |
| 9 months | 44.7% | 46.9% | 47.1% |
| P. falciparum parasitemia (parasites/μL blood, geometric mean, 95% confidence interval) | |||
| Baseline | 1136 (729–1768) | 896 (524–1534) | 2182 (1409–3379) |
| 6 months | 3773 (2470–5762) | 2268 (1427–3605) | 2074 (1367–3146) |
| 9 months | 2820 (1460–5447) | 2718 (1662–4445) | 3130 (1913–5121) |
| CRP (mg/L, median, interquartile range 25th 75th) | |||
| Baseline | 2.8 (1.0–11.1) | 3.4 (1.4–8.7) | 5.9 (1.9–21.3) *ᴪ |
| 6 months | 5.1 (1.8–18.6) | 4.6 (1.2–20.4) | 4.8 (1.5–14.6) ** |
| 9 months | 2.6 (1.0–7.3) | 4.3 (1.0–13.2) | 3.2 (1.3–14.8) ᴪ |
| AGP (g/L, median, 25th 75th) | |||
| Baseline | 1.12 (0.90–1.40) | 1.27 (1.01–1.54) | 1.26 (0.96–1.65) |
| 6 months | 1.13 (0.88–1.41) | 1.25 (0.92–1.54) | 1.10 (0.85–1.40) |
| 9 months | 1.07 (0.78–1.44) | 1.13 (0.85–1.36) | 1.06 (0.79–1.28) * |
| Prevalence of inflammation (CRP > 5 mg/L and/or AGP > 1 g/L) | |||
| Baseline | 65.8% | 76.8% | 76.4% |
| 6 months | 72.1% | 74.8% | 65.5% |
| 9 months | 57.3% | 64.2% | 57.5% |
Changes between baseline to six months and baseline to nine months were compared between groups with random effect models. Abbreviations: AGP, α-1-acid-glycoprotein; CRP, C-reactive protein; Hb, hemoglobin; SD, standard deviation. * p < 0.05 and ** p < 0.01 significant difference at baseline or increase/decrease in CF-FeFum or CF-FePP significantly different compared to increase/decrease in control. ᴪ p < 0.05 significant difference at baseline or increase/decrease in CF-FePP significantly different compared to CF-FeFum.