Table 2.

In vitro studies of the effect of AOPP on bone cells.

Study	Cell Type	Treatments	Outcome
Yu (2016) [30]	Osteocytic MLO-Y4 cells	Cultured with AOPP-MSA (25, 50, 100, or 200 μg/mL for 24 h or 200 μg/mL for 3, 6, 12, or 24 h)	AOPP triggered apoptosis and upregulated expression of sclerostin and RANKL in a JNK/p38 MAPK-dependent manner
Sun (2013) [33]	Rat MSC	Cultured with AOPP-BSA (50, 100, 200, or 400 μg/mL for 3 days or 200 μg/mL for 24, 48, or 72 h)	AOPP inhibited proliferation, reduced ALP activity and ALP and collagen I mRNA, increased ROS generation, upregulated RAGE expression
Zhong (2009) [34]	Rat osteoblast-like cells	Cultured with AOPP-RSA (50, 100, or 200 μg/mL for 24 h or 100 μg/mL for 24, 48, or 72 h)	AOPP inhibited proliferation, reduced ALP activity, downregulated expression of osteocalcin, induced ROS generation and NFκB phosphorylation

AOPP: advanced oxidation protein products; MLO-Y4: murine osteocyte-like cell line Y4; AOPP-MSA: AOPP-modified mouse serum albumin; RANKL: receptor activator of NFκB (nuclear factor κB) ligand; JNK: c-Jun N-terminal kinase; p38 MAPK: p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase; MSC: mesenchymal stem cells; AOPP-BSA: AOPP-modified bovine serum albumin; ALP: alkaline phosphatase; ROS: reactive oxygen species; RAGE: receptor for advanced glycation end products; AOPP-RSA: AOPP-modified rat serum albumin.