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. 2017 May 26;595(15):5103–5113. doi: 10.1113/JP273324

Figure 2. Adrenergic programming of insulin secretion in PI‐IUGR fetuses.

Figure 2

The proposed actions and responses for placental insufficiency leading to decreased glucose‐stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) are depicted. Experimental approaches used to disrupt the proposed actions of catecholamines are indicated along with the major conclusions for the induction of hyper‐responsiveness in insulin secretion.