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. 2017 Jul 13;7(3):157–167. doi: 10.1080/20009666.2017.1335156

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© 2017 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Figure 1. — Thrombopoiesis begins in the bone marrow milieu with the differentiation of pleuripotent stem cell to megakaryocytes. Several key regulators (TPO, interleukins, B12, folate, NF-κB) are involved in platelet formation. Platelets have several destinations in the peripheral circulation including self-regulated apoptosis, consumption in response to injury, splenic sequestration, and platelet destruction. Causes of decreased platelet production (yellow box) and increased peripheral destruction (red box) are shown. Abbreviations: MDS (myelodysplastic syndrome), TPO (thrombopoietin), IL (interleukin), SCF (stem cell factor), NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa B), DIC (disseminated intravascular coagulation), HELLP (hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes and low platelets).