Colonization with pNAPE-EcN or pNAE-EcN increases NAPE and NAE levels, respectively, in intestine and plasma of Nape-pld−/− mice. Nape-pld−/− mice were administered pEcN, pNAPE-EcN, or pNAE-EcN in drinking water for 8 weeks while on high fat diet, and then kept on high fat diet for another 2 weeks prior to tissue collection. Cecum was homogenized and NAPE (A) and NAE (B) levels were measured by LC/MS/MS (n = 5–6 cecum per group). Treatment significantly altered NAPE levels (one-way ANOVA: P = 0.0446; Tukey’s multiple comparison test: pNAPE-EcN vs. pEcN, P = 0.048; pNAE-EcN vs. pEcN, P = 0.896) and NAE levels (one-way ANOVA:P = 0.0296; Tukey’s multiple comparison test: pNAPE-EcN vs. pEcN, P = 0.818; pNAE-EcN vs. pEcN, P = 0.030). Plasma was also collected and NAPE (C) and NAE (D) measured (n = 6 per group). Treatment significantly altered NAPE levels (one-way ANOVA: P = 0.0036; Tukey’s multiple comparison test: pNAPE-EcN vs. pEcN, P = 0.003; pNAE-EcN vs. pEcN, P = 0.075) and NAE levels (one-way ANOVA: P = 0.0104; Tukey’s multiple comparison test: pNAPE-EcN vs. pEcN, P = 0.204; pNAE-EcN vs. pEcN, P = 0.008).