Table 1. Group demographics, clinical characteristics, and neuropsychiatric measures.
| Female | Male | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | Control (n = 10) | Alcohol (n =11) | Control vs. Alcohol | Control (n = 21) | Alcohol (n = 40) | Control vs. Alcohol | Male vs. Female |
| Age | 29.7 (10.3) | 34.7 (10.6) | p = 0.28 | 41.3 (13.9) | 36.2 (10.6) | p = 0.12 | p < 0.05 |
| White, % | 80% | 82% | 81% | 70% | |||
| White, n | 8 | 9 | a | 17 | 28 | a | a |
| Nonwhite, n | 2 | 2 | p = 1.00 | 4 | 11 | p = 0.54 | p = 0.77 |
| Ethnicity, n | |||||||
| Black | 0 | 2 | 1 | 4 | |||
| Native American | 1 | 0 | 2 | 2 | |||
| Bi-racial | 1 | 0 | 1 | 5 | |||
| Years of education | 14.4 (1.5) | 13.7 (2.3) | p = 0.45 | 14 (1.4) | 13.1 (1.5) | p < 0.05 | p = 0.21 |
| Clinical characteristics | |||||||
| Body mass index | 30.5 (7.5) | 27.2 (4.1) | p = 0.22 | 28.3 (4.9) | 28.1 (4.2) | p = 0.88 | p = 0.61 |
| Self-reported current or past nicotine dependence, % | 60% | 91% | p = 0.15a | 57% | 93% | p < 0.01a | p = 0.76a |
| Years of nicotine use | 8 (14) | 13 (7) | p = 0.37 | 7 (11) | 19 (13) | p < 0.01 | p = 0.64 |
| Cigarettes per day | 4 (6) | 8 (3) | p < 0.05 | 5 (13) | 13 (10) | p < 0.05 | |
| Last alcohol use, remission groups only, d | 209 (573) | 91 (83) | p = 0.63 | 83 (245) | 99 (66) | p = 0.76 | p = 0.66 |
| Alcohol drinks per day | 15 (4) | 18 (10) | p = 0.09 | ||||
| Neuropsychiatric measures | |||||||
| Depression (PHQ-9) | 2.5 (2.6) | 9.0 (2.9) | p < 0.01 | 2.7 (3.4) | 8.8 (5.2) | p < 0.01 | p = 0.83 |
| Anxiety (GAD-7) | 2.3 (2.6) | 12.4 (1.7) | p < 0.001 | 2.5 (3.5) | 10.4 (7.1) | p < 0.001 | p = 0.23 |
| Memory Complaints (PRMQ) | 26.1 (7.9) | 39.0 (10.4) | p < 0.05 | 30.1 (7.3) | 40.2 (13.7) | p < 0.05 | p = 0.89 |
a
Fisher's exact tests were conducted for statistical comparison. For Fisher's exact test comparison of males vs. females, data were collapsed across treatment group. Other analyses were carried out using ANOVA with sex and alcohol group as factors. No significant interactions were observed in two-way ANOVAs. Significant comparisons are highlighted in bold. Data are presented as mean (SD), unless otherwise defined. Abbreviations: d = day, PHQ-9 = Patient Health Questionnaire, GAD-7 = Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item, PRMQ = prospective and retrospective memory questionnaire