Table 2.

Characteristics of sample (N=2400) based on doula support, doula awareness, and doula demand.

	Had doula support			Wanted doula support but did not have it
	N=2400			N=1426
	Yes (n=112)	No (n=2288)	p-value	Yes (n=345)	No (n=1081)	p-value
Socio-demographic characteristics
Age category			0.001			0.001
18–24	9.5	90.5		37.1	62.9
25–29	4.6	95.4		26.1	73.9
30–34	5.4	94.6		20.2	79.8
35+	1.9	98.1		22.5	77.5
Race			0.093			<0.001
White	4.6	95.4		21.6	78.4
Black	8.8	91.2		38.8	61.2
Hispanic	5.7	94.3		29.8	70.2
Other/multiple race	10.7	89.3		43.5	56.5
Marital status			0.791			0.032
Not married, no partner reported	7.8	92.2		43.54	56.46
Unmarried with partner	5.7	94.3		29.48	70.52
Married	5.8	94.2		24.85	75.15
Education			0.392			0.851
H.S. or less	6.9	93.1		26.4	73.6
Some college/Associate’s degree	5.5	94.5		28.8	71.2
Bachelor’s degree	4.0	96.0		28.1	71.9
Graduate education/degree	6.6	93.4		25.1	74.9
Region			0.141			0.093
Northeast	5.6	94.4		28.6	71.4
Midwest	3.4	96.6		24.0	76.1
South	7.7	92.3		31.9	68.1
West	5.7	94.4		21.3	78.7
Foreign born	5.2	94.8	0.774	31.7	68.3	0.570
US-born	6.0	94.0		27.1	72.9
Pregnancy Characteristics
Experienced mother	4.0	96.0	0.002	22.5	77.5	0.001
Frist-time mother	8.8	91.2		33.5	66.6
Unintended pregnancy	4.5	95.5	0.176	29.5	70.5	0.394
Intended pregnancy	6.7	93.3		26.3	73.7
Belief that childbirth is a process that should only be interfered with if medically necessary	5.1	95.0	0.166	27.6	72.4	0.851
Primary payer for childbirth			0.995			0.001
Private	5.9	94.1		21.1	78.9
Public	5.9	94.1		32.6	67.4
Out-of-pocket	6.2	93.8		39.3	60.7