Table 9. Means, standard deviations (SD) and p-values for behavioural variables and subvariables between Baseline and Intervention sessions.
| Variable | Sub variable | Baseline | Intervention | P-values | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | SD | Mean | SD | One-tailed | Two-tailed | ||
| 1. Eye gaze | Eyes closed | 10.9 | 19.8 | 4.7 | 6 | 0.78 | 0.21 |
| Elsewhere | 58.1 | 32 | 55.5 | 37.8 | 0.38 | 0.46 | |
| ME’s body/face | **12.6 | 16.3 | **6.2 | 6 |
1 |
0.0004 |
|
| Eyes | 16.4 | 18.3 | 28 | 28.6 | 0.11 | 0.12 | |
| Can’t tell | 1.97 | 7.64 | 6.32 | 15.5 | 0.78 | 0.78 | |
| 2. Facial expressions | Neutral | *88.8 | 25.1 | *69.6 | 33.6 | 0.97 | 0.02 |
| Smiling | ***2.8 | 5 | ***33. | 38.8 | 4.99 | 0.0004 | |
| Frowning | 0.41 | 0.85 | 4.04 | 14.28 | 0.13 | 0.13 | |
| Surprise | 0.3 | 1 | 0.2 | 0.8 | 0.33 | 0.66 | |
| Other | 7.5 | 25.6 | 5.8 | 19.3 | 0.37 | 0.37 | |
| 3. Vocalisations | Silence | 78 | 25 | 78 | 15 | 1 | 1 |
| Vocalisation | ***18.8 | 23.9 | ***18.9 | 14.9 | 0.0004 | 1 | |
| Laughter | 0.9 | 2 | 2.5 | 4.2 | 0.14 | 0.14 | |
| Other | 2.3 | 4.9 | 0.5 | 1 | 0.37 | 0.62 | |
| 4. Physical contact | Contact | 0 | 8.6 | 0 | 18.8 | 1 | 1 |
| 5. Gestures | Pointing | 0.6 | 1.6 | 0.7 | 1.6 | 0.35 | 0.65 |
| Nodding | 1.9 | 2.9 | 0.9 | 1.4 | 0.29 | 0.7 | |
| Shaking head | 1.7 | 3.7 | 0.5 | 0.7 | 0.76 | 0.23 | |
| Other | 7.52 | 25.65 | 21.11 | 34.06 | 0.43 | 0.43 | |
| 6. Imitation | Imitation of ME | *0.1 | 0.3 | *1.7 | 2.3 | 0.03 | 0.03 |
Means significantly different at
*p < .05
**p < .01
***p < .001